1. Somitigenesis, Anterior-Posterior specification Segmentation in Vertebrates: SOMITIGENESIS

5. Somite oscillator: Notch signaling induced expression of Hairy-1 (in blue)

6. Twist Protein specifies mesoderm

7. Lateral inhibition in neurectoderm to specify neruogenesis: Notch mediated

8. Somite oscillator: Notch signaling induced expression of Hairy-1 (in blue)

9. Presomitic paraxial mesoderm budding off to somites: Ephrin controlled

10. Figure 14.7(2) Ephrin and Its Receptor Constitute a Possible Cut Site for Somite Formation Somitigenesis determines number of segments,... then HOX GENES give distinct identity to each segment

11. Segmentation genes determine number of segments,... then HOM/HOX GENES give distinct identity to each segment FlyVertebrate

13. Homeotics

16. Figure 9.8(1) Model of Drosophila Anterior-Posterior Pattern Formation

17. BX-C ANTP-C + BX-C = HOM-C homoeotic complex

19. Figure 9.7 Comparison of Larval and Adult Segmentation in Drosophila

24. Figure 9.32 Differences Between Ubx Expression in Parasegments 5 and 6

25. Figure 9.31 Antibody Staining of the Ultrabithorax Protein in (a) the Wing Disc and B) the Haltere Disc of Third instar Drosophila Larvae HOM EXPRESSION, ONCE ON, PERSISTS!

26. Figure 9.33(1) Homeodomain-DNA Interactions Homeotic gene Homeodomain Homeobox

27. Figure 9.33(2) Homeodomain-DNA Interactions

29. Legs

30. BX-C:

31. VERTEBRATE Homeotic complex is called HOX

34. Segmentation in Vertebrates Notch oscillator and FGF

35. Somite oscillator: Notch signaling induced expression of Hairy-1 (in blue) Segmentation in Vertebrates

36. Presomitic paraxial mesoderm budding off to somites: Ephrin controlled Segmentation in Vertebrates

37. Figure 14.7(2) Ephrin and Its Receptor Constitute a Possible Cut Site for Somite Formation Segmentation in Vertebrates

38. Wnt3a Fgf8 Cdx1Cdx2Cdx4 Caudal-like genes

39. Figure 11.43 Deficient Development of Neural Crest-Derived Pharyngeal Arch and Pouch Structures in Hoxa-3-Deficient Mice

40. Figure 11.44 Partial Transformation of the First Lumbar Vertebra into a Thoracic Vertebra by the Knockout of the Hoxc-8 Gene Hoxb-4

42. Figure 9.22(2) Conversion of Maternal Protein Gradients into Zygotic Gap Gene Expression

43. Not in Hox complex

45. HOX – Evolution

53. Legs

54. BX-C:

57. VERTEBRATE Limb – HOX Involvement

76. Hoxa-11/d-11 mutant Hoxd-13 mutant

86. Figure 23.14 Homologous Pathways Specifying Neural Ectoderm in Protostomes (Drosophila) and Deuterostomes (Xenopus)

88. Figure 11.45(1) The Effect of Retinoic Acid on Mouse Embryos

89. Figure 11.45(2) The Effect of Retinoic Acid on Mouse Embryos

90. Figure 9.23 Specific Promoter Regions of the even-skipped (eve) Gene Control Specific Transcription Bands in the Embryo