1. Integrated MEMS and Advanced Technologies for the Next Generation Power Distribution System Arizona State University Tempe, AZ Research Team Esma Gel, IE Gerald T. Heydt*, EE - Power Norma Hubele, IE George G. Karady, EE- Power Bruce Kim, EE - MEMS *PI PSERC Research Assistants Daniel James, EE- Power Neil Shah, EE- Power Two yet unrecruited RAs

2. Project Objectives PSERC To investigate innovative power distribution switching components based on microelectro- mechanical systems technologies integrated with advanced optimization methods to improve the performance of power distribution systems Optimization of the ratio of true cost (operation cost plus investment cost plus cost of service degradation to consumers) to benefit of distribution systems

3. Project Objectives PSERC Multi-objective optimization, accurate charact- erization of distribution system power quality and innovative concepts of applications of microelectromechanical devices for control and sensing in power distribution engineering To use the size advantage and manufacturing advantage of MEMS Cross-fertilization of industrial and electrical engineering, undergraduates and graduates, and practicing engineers and researchers as an environment for learning

4. Project Scope The project scope relates to power distribution systems performance. The distribution systems considered include 1 to 15 kV class systems, 60 Hz AC and DC. The study of innovative distribution system sensors and controls (e.g., switches, relays) shall focus on microelectromechanical devices. The project has hardware and analysis components, and these shall be integrated.

5. Project Scope The project scope includes an educational component both in the undergraduate and graduate programs of EE and IE. Graduate researchers shall be involved in all phases of the project. Undergraduates shall be involved in a planned REU. Also, undergraduate course module development is included. Engineering economics of distribution investment Undergraduate electrical engineering program and in continuing education Power infrastructure investment Undergraduate industrial engineering program and in continuing education

6. Motivation for a MEMS Circuit Breaker Reduced size - especially for indoor (or shipboard) applications Reduced manufacturing cost in large numbers Sensitive and rapid detection of anomalous operation High speed switching at higher voltage and current Application of zero current switching PSERC

7. Motivation for a MEMS Circuit Breaker Improved performance over conventional switches and circuit breakers Low control power requirements Possibility of distributed controls Potential applications in DC distribution systems Advanced switching capabilities PSERC

8. MEMS Circuit Breaker Configuration

9. System Considerations Zero current switching (ZCS) Parallel shunt paths switched with semiconductor switches Voltage grading Current grading Voltage switching transients are reduced PSERC

10. (1) refers to MEMS switch A in an open position and (2) refers to switch B in a closed position PSERC

11. Costs of the Projected MEMS Circuit Breaker Developmental Costs Development of the MEMS circuit breaker Initial testing the MEMS circuit breaker Installation costs as a field test Marketing costs Operating and Recurring Maintenance Field testing PSERC

12. Project Tasks Literature search MEMS switch configuration Distribution system conceptualization Identification of objective functions Develop optimization algorithms Demonstrate optimization algorithms Identify hardware improvement needs Conceptual test Prototyping Application to test bed Education Reporting PSERC

13. Educational Task

14. Management Plan