1. Gigabit Ethernet Pace University DCS 834 Presented by Team 1: Stella Konstantinou, Jonus Gerrits Stella Konstantinou, Jonus Gerrits Meg Broderick, Rigoberto Diaz March 22, 2002

2. Gigabit Ethernet Agenda Gigabit Ethernet Agenda b IntroductionS. Konstantinou b Applications Services Services Comparison with Other TechnologyComparison with Other Technology Gigabit Ethernet - The FutureGigabit Ethernet - The Future b How Does It Work? J. Gerrits Physical LayerPhysical Layer MAC LayerMAC Layer b Questions

3. Gigabit Ethernet Introduction b IEEE Standards approved in 1998/99 Fiber :1000BaseLX and 1000Base SXFiber :1000BaseLX and 1000Base SX Copper: 1000BaseT and 1000BaseCXCopper: 1000BaseT and 1000BaseCX b Benefits: Preserves Ethernet simplicityPreserves Ethernet simplicity Uses installed base and skillsUses installed base and skills Incremental implementationIncremental implementation Connect segmentsConnect segments Best price performanceBest price performance

4. Gigabit Ethernet Applications b Transparent LAN Service: LAN-to-LAN connects at native speeds & protocols.LAN-to-LAN connects at native speeds & protocols. b Server Switching: Highly Optimized to support server farmHighly Optimized to support server farm Uses layers 3 & 4 for load-balancingUses layers 3 & 4 for load-balancing “NIC-bypass” eliminates Ethernet framing between server and switch“NIC-bypass” eliminates Ethernet framing between server and switch

5. Gigabit Ethernet Applications (more) b MAN Trunking: Point-to-point high speed trunking to hosting providers, storage providers and between data centers.Point-to-point high speed trunking to hosting providers, storage providers and between data centers. Aggregates several (to 8) switch-server or switch-switch links into one fat logical pipeAggregates several (to 8) switch-server or switch-switch links into one fat logical pipe Burns through bottlenecks caused by difference in LAN/WAN transmission speedsBurns through bottlenecks caused by difference in LAN/WAN transmission speeds

6. Gigabit Ethernet Applications (more) b WAN Connectivity: Long-haul linking metro areas/LANsLong-haul linking metro areas/LANs Generally Improves QoSGenerally Improves QoS –Regulating timing of latency –Minimizing jittery video and audio delays b However, ATM better for: Backbone applicationsBackbone applications Client connections needing specialized QoSClient connections needing specialized QoS –E.g., Medical imaging

8. Gigabit Ethernet

10. Gigabit Ethernet Applications (more) b High Speed Internet Access Improves EfficiencyImproves Efficiency –Less overhead than ATM –SONET –Statistical multiplexing not supported –Complex protocol: expensive Guarantees QoS requirementsGuarantees QoS requirements –E.g., Bandwidth, Priority Control

11. Gigabit Ethernet The Future b 10 Gigabit Ethernet IEEE 802.3ae in Final ReviewsIEEE 802.3ae in Final Reviews No CopperNo Copper By 2004, 2M+ Ports expectedBy 2004, 2M+ Ports expected –$4B in sales of storage apps and Ethernet b 100 Gigabit Ethernet A-8800 Optical Ethernet Metro Core SwitchA-8800 Optical Ethernet Metro Core Switch IEEE Standard Being ProposedIEEE Standard Being Proposed

12. Gigabit Ethernet The Future b Infrastructure Implications Faster Speed - Same CablingFaster Speed - Same Cabling –Needs to be tested –About 10% of Cat 5 cable fails standards Optical Ethernet NetworksOptical Ethernet Networks –Router to Router –Host to Network

13. Gigabit Ethernet How Does It Work?

14. Gigabit Ethernet How Does It Work? b Uses Ethernet Standards b Full Duplex Simultaneous data transmission & receptionSimultaneous data transmission & reception b CSMA/CD modified –Carrier Extension to change propagation delay –Frame Bursting to allow multiple consecutive short packets without giving up control of signaling and channel

15. Gigabit Ethernet How Does It Work? b Pause protocol Asymmetric flow controlAsymmetric flow control Auto negotiation protocolAuto negotiation protocol b 8B/10B Encoding Encodes 8-bit data bytes from GMII to 10-bit code groupsEncodes 8-bit data bytes from GMII to 10-bit code groups SerialSerial Uses NRZ codingUses NRZ coding

16. Gigabit Ethernet How Does It Work? b Physical Links: Optical fiberOptical fiber –10 micron single-mode - campus backbone –62.5 micron multimode - building backbone Copper cablingCopper cabling Unshielded twisted pairUnshielded twisted pair

17. Gigabit Ethernet How Does It Work? b Distance: 25 Meters for 150 ohm25 Meters for 150 ohm b Slot Time: 4096 bit times4096 bit times b Interframe gap:.096 µsec vs 9.6 µsec for 10 Mbps.096 µsec vs 9.6 µsec for 10 Mbps b Burst Limit 8192 bits8192 bits

18. Protocol Layers Addressed In IEEE 802.3 Source: http://computer.org/Internet/v1n5/tollya.htm Protocol Layers Addressed In IEEE 802.3 Source: http://computer.org/Internet/v1n5/tollya.htm

19. MAC Layer I Throughput marginally better than Fast Ethernet Why? b Uses a bigger slot size of 512 bytes to maintain Ethernet compliant. –min/max frame sizes. b Frame size remains but “carrier event” is extended. b LLC is not aware of extension – It is removed before the FCS is checked by receiver

20. MAC Layer II Increase Throughput – Packet Bursting How? b Pad first packet to the slot time –if necessary, with carrier extension–if necessary, with carrier extension b Transmit subsequent packets back to back with minimum Inter-packet gap (IPG) until a burst timer (1500 bytes) expires.

21. Gigabit Ethernet AnyQuestions?

22. ThankYou!