1. Shearing

2. Punch and die Ratio of rough area:burnished area increases with higher ductility Punch travel depends on the ductility or brittleness. –A brittle metal requires little travel.

3. Punch Force Punch Force = shear strength * cross- sectional area. Friction can affect this. P = 0.7 (UTS) (t) (L)

6. http://www.transvalor.com/index.php?rub=52&mo=3&so=63&sso=52

8. Shearing Operation Punching – slug is discarded Blanking – slug is retained Fine blanking Slitting

10. Shearing Dies Clearance usually between 2% and 8% of the shear thickness. Compound dies –Several operations on the same strip may be performed in one stroke. Progressive dies –Multiple operation are carried out as the coil is moved after each stroke.