1. 1 Outlines on Freud Lifespan Development

2. 2 Freud  Psychoanalysis  Psychoanalytic theory  Freud 1856-1939 Very influential in Psychology Born Jewish and barriers = academia and private practice Hysteria

3. 3 Freud  Assumptions of Freud Child’s urges are basically selfish and aggressive Biological forces push the child through the psychosexual stages Parents influence the outcome of each stage Children are passively influenced by forces that are largely beyond their control.

4. 4 Freud Development is stagelike Traits established in childhood – carry over into adulthood Psychosexual stages are universal.

5. 5 Freud  Personality was formed early in life as children dealt with their inborn biological sexual urges and the constant demands of society.  Oral – B through 12/18 months Bittingly critical personality Compulsive behaviors

6. 6 Freud  Anal Stage 12/18 months – 3 years Anus Adult-anally fixated – constipated personality OCD

7. 7 Freud  Phallic Stage (Early Genital) 3-6 Sexual attachments Oedipal complex Penis envy Castration Electra complex

8. 8 Freud  Latency Stage (6-12) Resolve conflicts of phallic stage Become socialized, develop skills, learn about themselves in society.

9. 9 Freud  Genital Stage (adolescence and adulthood) Puberty Sex drive Appropriate heterosexual relationship

10. 10 Freud  Id Present at birth Pleasure principle Get needs met Ego  Around first year of life ego develops  Common sense  Reality principle  Get id’s needs met realistically

11. 11 Freud  Superego Develops around 5 or 6 Includes conscience Helps define what behaviors okay and what not in our value system.

12. 12 Freud  Defense Mechanisms Repression Regression Reaction Formation Projection Rationalization Denial Displacement

13. 13 Freud  Levels of consciousness Conscious Unconscious Preconscious Methodology: Goal - Catharsis  Slips of the tongue – Freudian slip  Hypnosis – Breuer  Transference / Countertransference  Dream Analysis / Interpretation

14. 14 Psychosocial development  Erik Erikson Main theme: life quest for identity Unconscious striving for continuity of personal character Stages:  1 Basic Trust verus Basic Mistrust (b to 1)  2Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt (1-3)  3Initiative versus Guilt (4-5)  4Industry versus Inferiority (6 to puberty)

15. 15 Psychosocial development Adolescence: Identity and Repudiation versus Identity Diffusion. 6. Intimacy and solidarity versus isolation 7. Generativity versus Stagnation 8. Ego Integrity versus Despair

16. 16 Psychosocial Development  Mechanisms of Development  Weaknesses of Theory  Contributions

17. 17 Kohlberg: Moral Development  Kohlberg (1958) theory The Heinz dilemma Stages:  Level 1: Preconventional Morality  Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment orientation  Stage 2: Iindividualism and Exchange  Level II: Conventional Morality  Stage 3: Good Interpersonal Relationships

18. 18 Kohlberg: Moral Development  Stage 4: Maintaining the Social order  Level III: Postconventional Morality  Stage 5: Social contract and individual rights  Stage 6: Universal Principles  Critique

19. 19 Carol Gilligan’s Care Perspective  Carol Gilligan (1982)