1. Heavy Quark Production and Decay in the Upsilon region: Results from Belle Kay Kinoshita University of Cincinnati Belle Collaboration Hadronic physics in the Upsilon regionHadronic physics in the Upsilon region Belle and KEKB Selected Results:Selected Results: Prompt J/  and double charm production Prompt J/  and double charm production Observation of  c ’ Observation of  c ’ Production of charmonia in B decay Production of charmonia in B decay Rate of  ’ from B decay Rate of  ’ from B decay Summary Summary 5th International Conference on Quark Confinement, Gargnano, Italy, September 10-14, 2002

2. 2 Heavy quarks in the  region in cms, E c =E e,  ~1 nb in cms, E B =E e,  ~1 nb } B { } meson b c Well-defined (& measureable!) production rate, energy most c-hadrons have p>(kinematic limit for b->c) At Belle, ∫ L (4S)dt/∫ L (<4S)dt~0.10 BB threshold

3. 3 Beams: KEKB  E* beam ) = 2.6 MeV IP size = 77µm(x) x 2.0µm(y) x 4.0mm(z) L max = 7.4 X 10 33 cm –2 s –1 (design: 1x10 34 ) Data (6/1999–7/2002)  L dt = 89.6 fb –1 @  (4S), 9.0 fb –1 off (~9x10 7 B, c events) e – 8.0 GeV e + 3.5 GeV 22 mr  = 0.425

4. 4 Belle detector Charged tracking/vertexing - SVD: 3-layer DSSD Si µstrip – CDC: 50 layers (He-ethane) Hadron identification – CDC: dE/dx – TOF: time-of-flight – ACC: Threshold Cerenkov (aerogel) Electron/photon – ECL: CsI calorimeter Muon/KL – KLM: Resistive plate counter/iron

5. 5 Belle Collaboration 274 authors, 45 institutions many nations many nations

6. 6 Prompt J/  production (PRL88, 052001 (2002)) 29.4 fb -1 (4S)+3.0 fb -1 (<4S) Test of NRQCD (explains  (2S) excess @ FNAL ): e + e - -> J/  gg (dominant) + J/  g + J/  cc (~10%) Predict  ~0.8-1.7 pb, peak @ p max from J/  g Measure e + e - ->J/  X,  (2S)X, search  c1 X,  c2 X subtract  (2S) contribution to J/  X for J/  direct X +momentum spectra +polarization(momentum)

7. 7 Prompt J/  J/   (2S) Results Spectra softer than expectation softer than expectation for J/  gg ~ expectation for J/  cc ~ expectation for J/  cc No peak @ p max * (from J/  g) No peak @ p max * (from J/  g)Polarization no significant p* dependence no significant p* dependence

8. 8  region: high rate, S/B for  region: high rate, S/B for = clean signature for sea-c = clean signature for sea-c high L of B-factory compensates for low . high L of B-factory compensates for low . Outline of analysis find J/  -> e + e -, µ + µ - find J/  -> e + e -, µ + µ - a) search for B->J/  { }: plot “recoil mass” a) search for B->J/  { }: plot “recoil mass” M r 2 = E r 2 - p r 2  -p  E beam -E   ->M r 2 = (E beam -E  ) 2 -p  2 ->M r 2 = (E beam -E  ) 2 -p  2 resolution improved ~ 2x via constraint: E  2 - p  2 = M  2 resolution improved ~ 2x via constraint: E  2 - p  2 = M  2 b) search for associated D *+, D 0 b) search for associated D *+, D 0 (hep-ex/0205104; 41.8 fb -1( 4S), 4.4 fb -1 (<4S))  : predictions vary 0.07 -> few pb

9. 9 a) J/  mass sideband with J/  mass constraint Event selection: N chg ≥5 (J/  J/  forbidden by C) cccc c’c’c’c’  c0

10. 10 b) Reconstruct D *+ -> D 0 π + {D 0 ->K - π +, K - K +, K - π - π + π +, K s π + π -, K - π + π 0 } net D 0 -> K - π +, K - K +

11. 11 b) Average:Conclusion: Not consistent with NRQCD

12. 12 Observation of  c ’ (PRL 89, 102001 (2002); 41.8 fb -1 ) } charmonium Unrestricted in J,P,C -> spectroscopy B->  c K observed (CLEO),  c ’,  c expected to decay similarly ->search in observed  c channels ->search in observed  c channelsOutline Search for B->  c ’K +,  c ’K s {  c ’->K s K - π + +c.c.} Reject bg: B->D(D s )X, K * ->Kπ History Theory:M~3625-3645 MeV/c 2 Exp’t: M=3594±5 MeV/c 2 (Xtal Ball, PRL48,70(1982)) (several unsuccessful attempts to verify) B{ In B decay:

13. 13 Kinematics for final selection:  E  E* cand –E* beam  0 (E* beam  s 0.5 /2)  ~13 MeV M bc (Beam-constrained mass) M bc  (E* beam 2 -p* cand 2 ) 0.5 bins of M(K s Kπ) Simultaneous fit, each bin of M(K s Kπ): M bc,  E{5.271 < M bc < 5.287 GeV/c 2 } Observation of  c ’ 104±14 39±11 M(  c )=2979.8±1.8 Mev/c 2 M(  c ’)=3654±6±8 Mev/c 2 |  E|<0.04 GeV ! ! consistent w theory

14. 14 Charmonia in B decay } Factorizable (  no gluon req’d) modes dominate modes dominate Factorization-violating B - ->  c0 K - (PRL88,052001 (2002)) 29.1 fb -1 (4S), 2.3 fb -1 (  c0 K - (PRL88,052001 (2002)) 29.1 fb -1 (4S), 2.3 fb -1 (<4s) B ->  c2 X (PRL89,011803 (2002)) 29.4fb -1 (4S), 3.0 fb -1 (  c2 X (PRL89,011803 (2002)) 29.4fb -1 (4S), 3.0 fb -1 (<4s) cf: cf: Conclude: non-factorizable/factorizable=o(1) Test of factorization approximation: for color-suppressed modes ππ BR ππ BR

15. 15 B->  ’K (PLB 517, 309 (2001) Theory:B(B->  ’K + )~(21-53)x10 -6 B(B->  ’K 0 )~(20-50)x10 -6 Experiment - history: CLEO, first indication of anomalously high B (new physics?) B(B->  ’K + )x10 6 B(B->  ’K 0 )x10 6 Belle: in  ’->  ππ,  ’->  10.4 fb -1 (4S) Consistent with CLEO, somewhat larger than theory->need more data

16. 16 Summary Belle 1999-2002: rapidly increasing L Large sample of B, c events to test many aspects of hadronic physics Intriguing results: NRQCD fails to describe NRQCD fails to describe  c ’ mass consistent with potential model  c ’ mass consistent with potential model factorization approx. fails for B->charmonium factorization approx. fails for B->charmonium hint of anomalously high rate for B->  ’ X hint of anomalously high rate for B->  ’ XNext systematics improving systematics improving data - 90 fb – 1 ; increasing - 8617 pb – 1 /mo data - 90 fb – 1 ; increasing - 8617 pb – 1 /mo new developments in theory? new developments in theory?