2. Radiocarbon Dating Willard Libby mass spectrometer

4. Aerial Photography first remote sensing technique crop/soil marks infrared photography sideways looking aerial radar satellite imagery

5. Aerial Photography showing large scale agricultural features

6. Enhanced Aerial Imagery showing prehistoric agricultural fields

7. Oblique Aerial Photography

9. Remote Sensing resistivity survey ground penetrating radar magnetometer small scale excavation-testing

10. Cerén (El Salvador)

11. Cerén

13. Archaeological Survey

14. systematic surface evaluation Walk a grid examine ground surface sysytematic subsurface inspection

15. Subsurface Inspection coring (small samples) systematic shovel tests –small (50 x 50 cm) –larger (1x1 m) remote sensing other specialized sampling

16. Islas Los Roques (Venezuela)

17. Islas Los Roques

18. Stratigraphy

19. Starr Carr (Britain)

20. Starr Carr

21. Cerén

22. Islas Los Roques

23. Bugas-Holding, WY

24. thin deposit sealed by low-energy overbank sediments Late Prehistoric, ~500 BP

25. well preserved site merited new methods pioneered detailed piece-plotting use of taphonomic interpretation

26. excellent preservation small remains ~2-5 cm thick bone fragments animal remains heavily butchered tiny flakes (≤4 mm)

27. EDM Technology rapid accurate mapping sub-centimeter precision

28. Recovery of Small Materials 1/8” screen 1/16” screen small flakes small bone fragments rocks gastropod remains charcoal

29. Multiple Hearths 8 hearths with associated debris & ash dumps ash indicates minimal movement of artifacts Rapid burial high potential for site structural analyses

30. few stone tools small tools, heavily re-worked dominance of small flakes winter unavailability of new stone

31. bone implements

32. Map of Site hearth features conjoined bone fragments show movement of meat units across site distinct activity areas

33. conjoined bones traces movements of individual bones shows patterns of processing of particular anatomical units

34. stone boiling hearths 4 hearths in same area bone debris indicates removal of fatty articular ends boiled to collect bone grease

35. Butchering map impact fractures on fragments map cutmarks on fragments allows statistical examination of butchering practices although almost no complete bones

36. Taphonomy same processes preserving archaeological site preserve natural bone accumulations shed elk antler natural bison death followed by archaeological occupation

37. Bison remains targeted individual animals, especially pregnant cows complete butchery seasonality from fetal bison bones=late winter early spring camp

38. mountain sheep remains catastrophic kill frozen caches of articulated units periodic recovery and input to camp

39. Sheep Trap archaeological evidence of sheep traps in Absaroka Mountains drive lines and trap drop kill results in catastrophic kill-all ages in population

40. Elk remains individuals infrequently brought to camp complete butchery

41. Dead Indian Site, WY deeply stratified deposits at least Archaic-Late Prehistoric deer bones dominate all archaeological levels