1. Experimental Research Independent variable Dependent variable Causation

2. CHAPTER 7 Experimental Research

3. Establishing causation Universal laws Statistical laws

4. Requirements for causal relationship IV must precede the DV IV and DV must covary Changes in DV must be result of changes in the IV

5. Control – a researcher attempts to exclude other possible causes of the effect he/she is studying

6. Exposing participants to the IV Conditions Treatment Attribute variables

7. Selection equivalence

8. Random assignment increases the internal validity of a study while random sampling increases external validity of a study

9. Controlling for the effects of extraneous influences Threshold effects Experimenter effects Other effects

10. Experimental Research Designs Full experiment Quasi-experiment Preexepriment

11. Factorial design Studies with more that 1 IV are summarized with a design statement Example a 2 x2 design

12. Between-group design Within-group design

13. Lab versus field experiments