1. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 1IS 257 – Fall 2006 Coldfusion and PHP introduction University of California, Berkeley School of Information IS 257: Database Management

2. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 2IS 257 – Fall 2006 Lecture Outline Review –Databases for Web Applications – Overview ColdFusion –DiveShop in ColdFusion PHP –DiveShop in PHP More on ORACLE and SQL-Plus

3. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 3IS 257 – Fall 2006 Lecture Outline Review –Databases for Web Applications – Overview ColdFusion –DiveShop in ColdFusion PHP –DiveShop in PHP More on ORACLE and SQL-Plus

4. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 4IS 257 – Fall 2006 Dynamic Web Applications 2 Server database CGI DBMS Web Server Internet Files Clients database

5. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 5IS 257 – Fall 2006 Server Interfaces Adapted from John P Ashenfelter, Choosing a Database for Your Web Site DatabaseWeb Server Web Application Server Web DB App HTML JavaScript DHTML CGI Web Server API’s ColdFusion PhP Perl Java ASP SQL ODBC Native DB interfaces JDBC Native DB Interfaces

6. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 6IS 257 – Fall 2006 Web Application Server Software ColdFusion PHP ASP All of the are server-side scripting languages that embed code in HTML pages

7. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 7IS 257 – Fall 2006 Lecture Outline Review –Databases for Web Applications – Overview ColdFusion –DiveShop in ColdFusion PHP –DiveShop in PHP Introduction to ORACLE and SQL-Plus

8. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 8IS 257 – Fall 2006 Web Application Server Software ColdFusion PHP ASP All of the are server-side scripting languages that embed code in HTML pages

9. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 9IS 257 – Fall 2006 ColdFusion Developing WWW sites typically involved a lot of programming to build dynamic sites –e.g. Pages generated as a result of catalog searches, etc. ColdFusion was designed to permit the construction of dynamic web sites with only minor extensions to HTML through a DBMS interface

10. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 10IS 257 – Fall 2006 ColdFusion Started as CGI –Drawback, as noted above, is that the entire system is run for each cgi invocation Split into cooperating components –NT service -- runs constantly –Server modules for 4 main Web Server API (glue that binds web server to ColdFusion service) {Apache, ISAPI, NSAPI, WSAPI} –Special CGI scripts for other servers

11. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 11IS 257 – Fall 2006 What ColdFusion is Good for Putting up databases onto the Web Handling dynamic databases (Frequent updates, etc) Making databases searchable and updateable by users.

12. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 12IS 257 – Fall 2006 Requirements Unix or NT systems Install as SuperUser Databases must be defined via “data source names (DSNs) by administrator

13. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 13IS 257 – Fall 2006 Requirements and Set Up Field names should be devoid of spaces. Use the underscore character, like new_items instead of "new items." Use key fields. Greatly reduces search time. Check permissions on the individual tables in your database and make sure that they have read-access for the username your Web server uses to log in. If your fields include large blocks of text, you'll want to include basic HTML coding within the text itself, including boldface, italics, and paragraph markers.

14. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 14IS 257 – Fall 2006 Templates Assume we have a database named contents_of_my_shopping_cart.mdb -- single table called contents... Create an HTML page (uses extension.cfm), before...

15. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 15IS 257 – Fall 2006 Templates cont. SELECT * FROM contents ; Contents of My Shopping Cart Contents of My Shopping Cart #Item# #Date_of_item# $#Price#

16. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 16IS 257 – Fall 2006 Templates cont. Contents of My Shopping Cart Bouncy Ball with Psychedelic Markings 12 December 1998 $0.25 Shiny Blue Widget 14 December 1998 $2.53 Large Orange Widget 14 December 1998 $3.75

17. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 17IS 257 – Fall 2006 CFIF and CFELSE Item: #Item#

18. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 18IS 257 – Fall 2006 More Templates INSERT INTO Employees(firstname, lastname, phoneext) VALUES(‘#firstname#’, ‘#lastname#’, ‘#phoneext#’) Employee Added Employee #firstname# #lastname# added.

19. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 19IS 257 – Fall 2006 CFML ColdFusion Markup Language Read data from and update data to databases and tables Create dynamic data-driven pages Perform conditional processing Populate forms with live data Process form submissions Generate and retrieve email messages Perform HTTP and FTP function Perform credit card verification and authorization Read and write client-side cookies

20. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 20IS 257 – Fall 2006 ColdFusion Diveshop Examples from Fusion

21. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 21IS 257 – Fall 2006 Lecture Outline Review –Databases for Web Applications – Overview ColdFusion –DiveShop in ColdFusion PHP –DiveShop in PHP More on ORACLE and SQL-Plus

22. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 22IS 257 – Fall 2006 PHP PHP is an Open Source Software project with many programmers working on the code. –Commonly paired with MySQL, another OSS project –Free –Both Windows and Unix support Estimated that more than 250,000 web sites use PHP as an Apache Module.

23. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 23IS 257 – Fall 2006 PHP Syntax Similar to “C” or Java (note lines end with “;”) Includes most programming structures (Loops, functions, Arrays, etc.) Loads HTML form variables so that they are addressable by name <?php $myvar = “Hello World”; echo $myvar ; ?>

24. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 24IS 257 – Fall 2006 Combined with MySQL DBMS interface appears as a set of functions: <?php $db = mysql_connect(“localhost”, “root”); mysql_select_db(“mydb”,$db); $result = mysql_query(“SELECT * FROM employees”, $db); Printf(“First Name: %s \n”, mysql_result($result, 0 “first”); Printf(“Last Name: %s \n”, mysql_result($result, 0 “last”); ?>

25. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 25IS 257 – Fall 2006 Diveshop PHP Examples on Dream…

26. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 26IS 257 – Fall 2006 ASP – Active Server Pages Another server-side scripting language From Microsoft using Visual Basic as the Language model (VBScript), though Javascript (actually MS Jscript) is also supported Works with Microsoft IIS and gives access to ODBC databases Most commonly used for Access or MS SQL Server

27. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 27IS 257 – Fall 2006 ASP Syntax <% SQL="SELECT last, first FROM employees ORDER BY last" set conn = server.createobject("ADODB.Connection") conn.open “employee" set people=conn.execute(SQL) %> <% do while not people.eof set resultline=people(0) & “, “ & people(1) & “ ” Response.Write(resultline) people.movenext loop%>

28. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 28IS 257 – Fall 2006 Lecture Outline Review –Databases for Web Applications – Overview ColdFusion –DiveShop in ColdFusion PHP –DiveShop in PHP More on ORACLE and SQL-Plus

29. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 29IS 257 – Fall 2006 Today More on SQL and SQLPlus for data manipulation and modification

30. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 30IS 257 – Fall 2006 SELECT Syntax: –SELECT [DISTINCT] attr1, attr2,…, attr3 as label, function(xxx), calculation, attr5, attr6 FROM relname1 r1, relname2 r2,… rel3 r3 WHERE condition1 {AND | OR} condition2 ORDER BY attr1 [DESC], attr3 [DESC]

31. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 31IS 257 – Fall 2006 CREATE SYNONYM CREATE SYNONYM newname FOR oldname; CREATE SYNONYM BIOLIFE for ray.BIOLIFE;

32. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 32IS 257 – Fall 2006 SELECT Conditions = equal to a particular value >= greater than or equal to a particular value > greater than a particular value <= less than or equal to a particular value <> not equal to a particular value LIKE ‘%wom_n%’ (Note different wild card) IN (‘opt1’, ‘opt2’,…,’optn’)

33. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 33IS 257 – Fall 2006 Aggregate Functions COUNT(dataitem) AVG(numbercolumn) SUM(numbercolumn) MAX(numbercolumn) MIN(numbercolumn) STDDEV(numbercolumn) VARIANCE(numbercolumn)

34. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 34IS 257 – Fall 2006 Numeric Functions ABS(n) ACOS(n) ASIN(n) ATAN(n) ATAN2(n, m) CEIL(n) COS(n) COSH(n) ROUND(n) SIGN(n) SIN(n) SINH(n) SQRT(n) TAN(n) TANH(n) TRUNC(n[, m]) EXP(n) FLOOR(n) LN(n) LOG(m,n) MOD(n) POWER(m,n)

35. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 35IS 257 – Fall 2006 Character Functions returning character values CHR(n) CONCAT(char1,char2) INITCAP(char) LOWER(char) LPAD(char, n,char2), RPAD(char, n,char2) LTRIM(char, n, cset), RTRIM(char, n, cset) REPLACE(char, srch, repl) SOUNDEX(char) SUBSTR(char, m, n) SUBSTRB(char, m, n) TRANSLATE(char, from, to) UPPER(char)

36. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 36IS 257 – Fall 2006 Character Function returning numeric values ASCII(char) INSTR(char1, char2[,m, n]) INSTRB(char1, char2[,m, n]) LENGTH(char) LENGTHB(char)

37. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 37IS 257 – Fall 2006 Date functions ADD_MONTHS(dt, n) LAST_DAY(d) MONTHS_BETWEEN(d1, d2) NEW_TIME(d, z1, z2) -- PST, AST, etc. NEXT_DAY(d, dayname) ROUND(d, fmt) -- century, year etc. SYSDATE TRUNC(d, fmt) -- century, year, etc.

38. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 38IS 257 – Fall 2006 Conversion Functions CHARTOROWID(char) CONVERT(char, dchar, schar) HEXTORAW(char) RAWTOHEX(raw) ROWIDTOCHAR(rowid) TO_CHAR (date, fmt) TO_DATE(char, fmt) TO_NUMBER(char,fmt ) TO_MULTIBYTE(char) TO_SINGLE_BYTE(ch ar)

39. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 39IS 257 – Fall 2006 Create Table CREATE TABLE table-name (attr1 attr-type CONSTRAINT constr1 PRIMARY KEY, attr2 attr-type CONSTRAINT constr2 NOT NULL,…, attrM attr-type CONSTRAINT constr3 REFERENCES owner.tablename(attrname) ON DELETE CASCADE, attrN attr-type CONSTRAINT constrN CHECK (attrN = UPPER(attrN)), attrO attr-type DEFAULT default_value); Adds a new table with the specified attributes (and types) to the database. –NOTE that the “CONSTRAINT and name parts are optional)

40. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 40IS 257 – Fall 2006 Create Table CREATE TABLE table-name ( attr1 attr-type PRIMARY KEY, attr2 attr-type NOT NULL, …, attrM attr-type REFERENCES owner.tablename(attrname) ON DELETE CASCADE, attrN attr-type CHECK (attrN = UPPER(attrN) attrO attr-type DEFAULT default_value); –Without “CONSTRAINT” and name parts

41. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 41IS 257 – Fall 2006 Types VARCHAR2(size) NUMBER(p, s) LONG -- long char data DATE -- from 4712BC to 4714 AD RAW(size) -- binary LONG RAW -- large binary ROWID -- row reference CHAR(size) -- fixed length characters

42. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 42IS 257 – Fall 2006 Alter Table ALTER TABLE table-name ADD attr1 attr- type; ALTER TABLE table-name ADD attr1 CONSTRAINT xxx constrainvalue; ALTER TABLE table-name MODIFY attr1 optiontochange; ALTER TABLE table-name DROP COLUMN attr1; Adds, drops or modifies a column in an existing database table. –Note: constrainvalue is any column constraint like ‘PRIMARY KEY’, REFERENCES, etc.

43. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 43IS 257 – Fall 2006 INSERT INSERT INTO table-name (attr1, attr4, attr5,…, attrK) VALUES (“val1”, val4, val5,…, “valK”); OR INSERT INTO table-name SELECT col1, col2, col3 as newcol2, col4 FROM xx, yy WHERE where-clause; Adds a new row(s) to a table.

44. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 44IS 257 – Fall 2006 DELETE DELETE FROM table-name WHERE ; Removes rows from a table.

45. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 45IS 257 – Fall 2006 UPDATE UPDATE tablename SET attr1=newval, attr2 = newval2 WHERE ; changes values in existing rows in a table (those that match the WHERE clause).

46. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 46IS 257 – Fall 2006 DROP Table DROP TABLE tablename; Removes a table from the database.

47. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 47IS 257 – Fall 2006 CREATE INDEX CREATE [ UNIQUE ] INDEX indexname ON tablename (attr1 [ASC|DESC][, attr2 [ASC|DESC],...]) Adds an index on the specified attributes to a table

48. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 48IS 257 – Fall 2006 System Information In ORACLE Find all of the tables for a user –SELECT * FROM ALL_CATALOG WHERE OWNER = ‘userid’; –SELECT * FROM USER_CATALOG; (or CAT) Show the attributes and types of data for a particular table in SQLPlus –DESCRIBE tablename;

49. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 49IS 257 – Fall 2006 Running commands Create file with SQL and SQLPlus commands in it. –Use a plain text editor and NOT a word processor (or save as text only) Give the file the extension.sql From inside SQLPlus type –START filename

50. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 50IS 257 – Fall 2006 Simple formatting in SQLPlus SET PAGESIZE 500 SET LINESIZE 79 PROMPT stuff to put out to screen TTITLE “title to put at top of results pages” COLUMN col_name HEADING “New Name”

51. 2006.10.17 SLIDE 51IS 257 – Fall 2006 Outputting results as a file… SPOOL filename Commands –everything that you see is copied to the file until… SPOOL STOP –File will be created with everything between the SPOOL commands