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Role of Local Air-Sea Interaction in Tropical Atlantic Variability Shang-Ping Xie International Pacific Research Center University of Hawaii Atlantic El Nino SST Dipole? Ocean GCM Coupled Feedback Atmospheric GCM Processes that weaken cross-eq. feedback
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x Z20 SST dipole Y_ITCZ Servain ’99, GRL
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Nobre and Shukla 1996, JC
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NE Brazil rainfall SST dipole Quasi-decadal oscillation? Mehta ’98, JC Tourre et al. ’99, JC Enfield et al. ’99, JGR Black et al. ’99, Science 835-year sediment core 11.4 yr
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SST’ Eq 30N30S
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Cloud-SST Feedback Okumura et al. ’01, GRL Xie & Saito ’01, JC
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Seager et al. 2001, JC Carton et al. 1996, JPO (Hakkinen and Mo 2001, JC) x hh SST ’ =0
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Xie et al. 1999, GRL
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Chang et al. 2000, JC Sutton et al. 2000, JC
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Okumura et al. (2001), GRL SST and surface wind (JFM)
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Chiang et al. 2001, JAS Obs Linear Model Corr(NCEP, Model) 79-98 U V Also Chung et al. 2001, JGR
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Chang et al. 2001, JC
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Xie and Tanimoto ’98, GRL Zonal-mean model simulation Chang et al. ‘01, J. Climate Cross-equatorial interaction Obs
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H. Okajima 2001 Processes that weaken inter-hemispheric interaction Correlation
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Equatorial mode with Bjerknes feedback Meridional/dipole mode Statistical evidence Surface heat flux (wind & cloud) dominates off-eq. SST variability Near-eq. baroclinic response and barotropic teleconnection into the subtropics Two-way coupling among cross-eq. SST gradient, ITCZ, and near-eq. wind Processes that weaken this interaction: Asymmetric ITCZ and external forcing (NAO & ENSO) Conclusions
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