1. Citizen, State and Democracy in Postwar Japan From the Politics of Confrontation to Accommodation

2. Early postwar: Divided Politics of the 1950s - Liberal/Democratic Party (LDP) vs. (rising) Japan Socialist Party (JSP) and JCP L/DP vote %; seat % JSP votes, seats% JCP votes, seats 1952 66702124 2.5 0 1953 66662730 2 1 1955 63642933 2 2 1958 58 623336 2.5 1 1960 58 633635 3 3

3. Early postwar: Divided politics of the 1950s Three great issues: 1. the American alliance: bases and the bomb

4. Early postwar: Divided politics of the 1950s Three great issues: 2. constitutional revision place of emperor Article 9 Extent of civil liberties vs. power of state

5. Early postwar: Divided politics of the 1950s Three great issues: 3. domestic economy: who controls workplace; how are benefits shared female workers

6. Early postwar: Divided politics of the1950s Three great issues: 3. domestic economy: who controls workplace; how are benefits shared -male workers

7. Politics of Accommodation:1960s-80s Early steps toward accommodation, 1960s income doubling cooperative industrial relations with dark underside: “Silver Sanctuary “Bank Worker’s Life”

8. Politics of Accommodation:1960s-80s Further issues and new activists environment (Minamata disease)

9. Politics of Accommodation:1960s-80s Further issues and new activists environment (Minamata disease)

10. Politics of Accommodation:1960s- 80s social welfare

11. Politics of Accommodation:1960s- 80s coopting the progressive agenda -1970 environmental laws -1970s, social welfare programs Balance sheet on postwar politics? -despite origins “from above”, a significant impact of popular activism and democratic politics

12. Themes in postwar political history  A series of shifts from confrontation to accommodation  Prewar and wartime legacy to the politics of confrontation: “Iron triangle” of business, party, bureaucratic elites High profile of bureaucrats Prewar roots of progressive opposition  Prewar/wartime legacy for accommodation? 1920s-30s promotion of cooperative industrial relations Tentative steps toward social policy