1. Biosensors and Telerobotics

2. Science fiction Neuromancer: William Gibson The Terminal Man: Michael Crichton Interface: Stephen Bury (Neal Stephenson)

3. Reality Epilepsy treatment Neural prostheses Artificial organs

4. Robotic surgery How it works Valve surgery Pathfinder neurosurgery Remote surgery Robotics at Berkeley CABG Nissen

5. Why Robotics Distance surgery Telementoring Simulation/training Motion scaling –Retinal vein cannulation Gating Voice control 3D reconstruction

6. Implants Functional electrical stimulation Swallowable cameras Implantable medical records

7. Auditory prostheses Conductive hearing loss Sensorineural hearing loss –Cochlear implants –Auditory brain implant Projection –Implants that translate on the fly or “hear” wavelengths infrasonic and supersonic that humans can’t hear

8. Visual prostheses Eye recapitulated by nature in many forms Spectacles Prostheses –External receptor/camera –Implanted device Retina Optic nerve Visual cortex Visual coding/training –Prism glasses

9. Visual prostheses Speculative –See wavelengths humans can’t

10. Pacemakers Cardiac pacemakers Smart pacers Diaphragmatic pacemakers Bladder pacemakers

11. Other implantable chips Gattaca http://www.cbhd.org/newsletter/022/022flet cher.htmhttp://www.cbhd.org/newsletter/022/022flet cher.htm http://www.adsx.com/prodservpart/verichip. htmlhttp://www.adsx.com/prodservpart/verichip. html

12. Electronic nose Current applications –Pneumonia –Sinusitis –CSF vs. plasma