1. Psychology 384 Human Factors Laboratory History and Foundations of Human Factors

2. History & Foundations (Early) Lady Ada Lovelace 1st programmer (Victorian era, 1830’s) Charles Babbage Designed 1st mechanical computer “Can machines think?” George Boole Boolean algebra 1849

3. History & Foundations (WW II) Alan Turing1936 Turing Test “Efficiency experts”1937 Time/motion

4. History & Foundations (WW II) Alan Turing1936 Turing Test “Efficiency experts”1937 Time/motion Example: Therbligs (Gilbreth)Therbligs (broke down human action into perceptual, motor, or cognitive units)

5. History & Foundations (WW II) Alan Turing1936 Turing Test “Efficiency experts”1937 Time/motion Vannevar Bush1945 “Memex”

6. History & Foundations (WW II) Alan Turing1936 Turing Test “Efficiency experts”1937 Time/motion Vannevar Bush1945 Memex John Von NeumannElectronics Norbert WienerCybernetics Claude ShannonInfo. Theory

7. History & Foundations (WW II) Alan Turing1936 Turing Test “Efficiency experts”1937 Time/motion Vannevar Bush1945 Memex John Von NeumannElectronics Norbert WienerCybernetics Claude ShannonInfo. Theory ENIAC1st Electronic Computer

8. Eniac (also 1945) first electronic computer 100 ft. long, 10 ft. high, 30 tons used for calculating the ballistics guns, bombs, missiles

9. History & Foundations (HCI) J.C.R. Licklider~1957 Interaction, etc. Psychologist, studied sound perception Dreamed of an “intelligent assistant” Interacted with a PDP1 via a paper tape Proposed the ideas of time-sharing, keyboards, electronic communication, and displays. -> The dawn of interactive computing

10. History & Foundations (HCI) J.C.R. Licklider1957 Interaction, etc. Ivan Sutherland1962 Sketchpad

11. Ivan Sutherland’s SKETCHPADSKETCHPAD Computer graphics Simulation of real objects Graphical representation of constraints and data Direct manipulation of screen images with a light pen. Interactive animation WYSIWYG display

12. History & Foundations (HCI) J.C.R. Licklider1957 Interaction, etc. Ivan Sutherland1962 Sketchpad Joe WeizenbaumELIZAELIZA

13. A conversation with ELIZA >Men are all alike. IN WHAT WAY >They're always bugging us about something or other. CAN YOU THINK OF A SPECIFIC EXAMPLE >Well, my boyfriend made me come here. YOUR BOYFRIEND MADE YOU COME HERE He says I'm depressed much of the time. >I'M SORRY TO HEAR YOU ARE DEPRESSED

14. History & Foundations (HCI) J.C.R. Licklider1957 Interaction, etc. Ivan Sutherland1962 Sketchpad Joe WeizenbaumELIZAELIZA Spinoffs: Jabberwacky, Alice, Eugene, etc.JabberwackyAliceEugene etc

15. History & Foundations (HCI) J.C.R. Licklider1957 Interaction, etc. Ivan Sutherland1962 Sketchpad Joe WeizenbaumELIZA Doug Engelbart60-70s mouse, etc. The toolkit metaphor Word processing The mouse

16. History & Foundations (HCI) J.C.R. Licklider1957 Interaction, etc. Ivan Sutherland1962 Sketchpad Joe WeizenbaumELIZA Doug Engelbart60-70s mouse, etc. Bob Taylor1968 ARPANET Xerox PARC 1970s Smalltalk toolkits, browsers, bitmapped displays, windows, pop-up menus

17. History & Foundations (HCI) J.C.R. Licklider1957 Interaction, etc. Ivan Sutherland1962 Sketchpad Joe WeizenbaumELIZA Doug Engelbart60-70s mouse, etc. Bob Taylor1968 ARPANET Xerox PARC 1970s Smalltalk Alan KayDynabook Macintosh1984 (ideas from PARC) Larry TeslerUser testing

18. The Internet 1968-9The ArpaNet begins 1986-90NSFNet takes over 1992Graphical Internet Browsers 2005Everyone is connected! Viruses are rampant Mobile computing is common Trust becomes an issue 2009What’s going to be next? See: Friedman’s Flat World article