1. DATAPATHS 3) Shifters

2. 4) Comparators

3. 5) Counters

4. 6) Multipliers

5. 7) Subtractors

6. Negative Numbers: Two’s Complement 7 – 4 --> 7 + 6 = 13 --> 13 = 3 8) Arithmetic-Logic Units (ALUs) An ALU is a datapath component able to perform a variety of arithmetic and logic operations on two N-bit data inputs, generating and N-bit data output.

7. Register Files An M x N register file is a datapath memory component that provides for efficient access to a collection of M registers, where each register is N bits wide. RAM – Random Access Memory An M x N RAM is a memory component able to store M words of N bits each.