1. A Brief History of Microprocessors Module M13.1 Sections 1.1, 9.1

2. Some Microprocessors Intel 4004 Intel 8080 Motorola 6800 MOS Technology 6502 Intel 8088/8086 Motorola 6809 Motorola 68000 Motorola 6811/12

3. A Typical Computer System

11. The 8080 Microprocessor 40-pin chip Developed by Intel in 1974 16 Address Lines –Can address 2 16 = 64 Kbytes of memory 8 Data Lines Required +5V, +12V and -5V First microprocessor to become widely used

12. The 8080 Microprocessor PSW A C E L B D H SP PC Program Status Word Primary Accumulator Secondary Accumlators/ Data Counters Stack Pointer Program Counter

14. The 6800 Microprocessor 40-pin chip Developed by Motorola in 1975 16 address lines and 8 data lines Used only +5V

15. The 6800 Microprocessor Registers A B X PC SP CC Accumulator A Accumulator B Index register X Program counter Stack pointer Condition code register

17. The 6502 Microprocessor 40-pin chip Developed by MOS Technology, Inc. in 1976 16 address lines and 8 data lines Based on the Motorola 6800 Used in many home computers including the –Apple II –Commodore PET –Atari

18. The 6502 Microprocessor Registers A X Y PC SP Status Accumulator Index register X Index register Y Program counter Stack pointer Status register

20. The 8088/8086 Microprocessor 40-pin chip Developed by Intel in 1978 20 address lines –Can address 2 20 = 1 Mbyte of memory 8/16 multiplexed data lines in 8088/8086 8088 used in the first IBM PC in 1981

21. 8086 Registers

23. The 6809 Microprocessor 40-pin chip Developed by Motorola in 1979 16 address lines and 8 data lines Used in the Radio Shack Color Computer Widely used in industrial controllers

24. The 6809 Microprocessor Registers AB Y S U DP Accumulator A:B = D Index register X Index register Y System stack pointer User stack pointer Program counter Direct page register Condition code register X CC PC

26. The 68000 Microprocessor 64-pin chip Developed by Motorola in 1979 24 address lines –Can address 2 24 = 16 Mbytes of memory 16 data lines Used in the original Macintosh Computer

27. The 68000 MicroprocessorRegisters 31 16 15 8 7 0 D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 Data Registers 31 16 15 0 A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A7’ Address Registers Program Counter Status/CCR

28. 1981IBM PC, uses Intel 8088 1982Motorola 68010 1982Motorola 68008 1984Intel 8028610 MHz, 130,000 transistors 1984Motorola 6802032-Bit address and data busses Integrated Microcontroller 1985Motorola 68HC11 1986Motorola 68020 -- 25 MHz 1986Intel 8038616 MHz, 275,000 transistors 1987Motorola 68030 1988Motorola 68030 -- 33 MHz 1989Intel 8048625 MHz, 1,000,000 transistors 1990Intel 8048650 MHz 1992Intel Pentium4,000,000 Transistors 1997Motorola 68HC12Enhanced 68HC11

29. The 68HC11/12 RAMCPUEEPROM ROM/ EPROM TIMER PARALLEL I/O SPISCI A/D 68HC11/12

30. The 68HC12(11) Registers