1. Development of Local and Scanning Probe Techniques Heinrich Hoerber NanoBioPhysics University Bristol

2. 200 nm Haberle, W., J. K. H. Horber, and G. Binnig, 1991, Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B 9, 1210 Combining AFM and optical microscopy

3. AFM image sequence of a pox virus release at the end of a microvillus EM image by Stokes 1976 Scanning fast - making movies Horber, J.K.H., et al., 1992, Scanning Microscopy 6, 919

4. Horber, J. K. H., W. Haberle and B. Sakmann, 1995 Biophysical Journal 68, 1687 Combination with electro-physiological techniques Combination with electro-physiological techniques

5. Koitschev, A., S. Fink, U. Rexhausen, K. Loffler, J. K. H. Horber, H. P. Zenner, J. R. Ruppersberg, and M. G. Langer, 2002, Hno 50, 464-469 AFM in hearing research

6. Cantilever development IBM Research Laboratory Rueschlikon M. Despont, G. Binnig, P. Vettiger and C. Gerber

7. Heat flow between cantilever and substrate Heat transfer through cantilever arms (~4 mW) Cantilever with heater through tip in contact 50-500 nW Through air to substrate (10-20 μW) 50-500 0 C Δ R / R: 10 -6 –10 -5 /nm

8. 2 μm Lipid vesicles with reconstituted membrane proteins (SNAP25, B.Jena) 2 μm 1 μm SiC GaN Metal connection on a storage chip structure underneath a SiO 2 layer (Zarlink) Cut through a transistor structure (M. Kubal) Heat conductivity Haeberle, W, Pantea, M & Hoerber, JKH. 2006, Ultramicroscopy, 106 (8-9), 678

9. 100  m1  m length 260  m, width 1  m, thickness 200 nm, spring constant 0.03 pN/nm Smaller cantilevers James Vicary

10. AFM with the cantilever vertical Massimo Antognozzi, Arturas Ulcinas

11. Maximal cantilever bending Molecular Motor movement Massimo Antognozzi, Tim Scholz

12. 0.5 nm 200 nm 200 μm 0.02 N/m Florin, E. L., A. Pralle, E. H. K. Stelzer, and J. K. H. Horber, 1998, Applied Physics A-Materials Science & Processing 66, S75 Spatial resolution ~ 1nm Time resolution ~ 1 μsec Photonic Force Microscopy

13. Agarose polymer network Tischer, C. et al., 2001, Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 3878 Thermal fluctuation imaging

14. Membrane diffusion 2D / 3D

15. Confining potential map Viscosity map Interaction map of an LDL receptor

16. Parallelisation of PFM

17. Producing many independent focused laser beams Producing many independent focused laser beams

18. Nano-particles crossing the cell membrane

19. Types of nano-particles

20. Gold nano-particles interacting with light

21. Nearfield fluorescence excitation

22. Raman Spectroscopy Chemical sensing Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

23.  Nano-Sensors (Scanning Probe Microscopies)  Nano-toxicology  Nano-medicine (markers, drug delivery) Nano-particles - areas of interest