Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
1
Hindu Philosophy The Six Dar anas
2
Indian philosophy is a practical instrument designed to fathom the conditions of the life process The principal topics are bondage and freedom, in part due to the prevalence of the doctrines of transmigration and karman- Purpose
3
Questions To Be Answered Why is there suffering in the world? What is the nature of the human person? What is the nature of the world in which he lives? What is the proper method of living in the light of one’s knowledge of himself, the world, and the Supreme Being?
4
All religions and philosophies abide by conceptual maps designed to explain these questions and to help individuals cope with the chaotic forces surrounding them Answers to Why? What? How? Prevent despair, fatalism, and mental anguish Conceptual Maps
5
That which provides system, order to the myriad facts bombarding the mind revolve around –Bondage –Transmigration (sa s ra-) –Karman- –Freedom The Map
6
It was in these dialogues that this map was first introduced From the Upani ads it entered later Indian schools and sects To a degree, it applies to heterodox as well as orthodox schools The only difference between the two is the means of arriving a the end. The Upani ads
7
All schools—orthodox and heterodox— sought after the same goal: –A vision (dar ana-) of truth (tattva) concerning the individual, the world and the Supreme Dar ana
8
Truth sets one free: free from all the entanglements of this world –Sa yag-dar ana-sampanna karmabhir na nibadhyate; dar anena vih nastu sa s ra pratipadyate –[‘He who possesses the correct vision is not bound down by (his) actions; indeed, he who is devoid of that vision is drawn into the vortex of life and death (sa s ra- )] Truth
9
The search for truth led to the formation of a method of philosophical discussion. With this method comes the intellectual, logical, metaphysical, epistemological and ethical arenas emphasized in all philosophical systems Important also is the understanding of other schools and opinions. Philosophical Method
10
These were closely investigated. Thus, –A philosopher would first state his opponent’s case (known as the p rva-pak a or “prior view” –Followed by refutation (kha ana) –Finally, a statement and proof of the philosopher’s own position (= “subsequent view: uttara-pak a or conclusion: siddh nta) Rival Positions
11
All schools of Indian philosophy are listed as stika “those who accept the authority of the Veda” or n stika “those who don’t accept the authority of the Veda” The first are orthodox (hence Hindu); the latter are heterodox The Hindu Dar anas
12
Ved nta (Uttara-M m s ; J na- M m s ): B dar ya a M m s (P rva-M m s ; M m s ): Jaimini Yoga: Pata jali S khya: varak a Ny ya: Gautama Vai e ika: Ka da stika Schools
13
These are the six traditional schools Other schools also exist, such as –P in ya (Grammarian) School –Rase vara (Medical) School Both are mentioned in the Sarva-Dar ana Sa graha of M dhav c rya The Six Dar anas
14
C rv ka ‘Materialist School’ Bauddha ‘Buddhist School’ Jaina (the school of the Jinas or the Conquerors) N stika Schools
15
Schema
16
Directly based upon the Dharma S tras and - stras, the Kalpa Sutras, Br hma as, and Sa hit s One purpose of the school was to systematize the ritual performances in these Vedic Works P rva-M m s
17
Emphasized the speculative approach and so derived its main inspiration from the Upani ads Uttara-M m s
18
S khya, Yoga, Ny ya, Vai e ika are all based on experience and reason All are in harmony with the Veda The Bauddha, Jaina, C rv ka, however, do not attempt to harmonize the Veda with experience and reason The Other Dar anas
19
Ordinary, normal experience, i.e. those findings brought about by intellectualizing on the sense data presented to the brain, is wholly accepted by the Ny ya, Vai e ika, S khya, and C rv ka Intellection
20
The teacher’s authority or testimony of qualified persons and scriptures are other primary means of knowledge followed by the Ved nta and M m s . Direct realization (dar ana or s k tk ra-) is also widely accepted by many schools. The Teacher
21
Two traditions exist in India: –The oral –The written Of the two, the oral is more highly regarded. It is more effective and prestigious to receive the tradition or sacred knowledge from the mouth of the teacher rather than from books. Sources of the Schools
22
This is the best and, to many, the only way that knowledge is to be acquired. The Veda is the prime example of the oral tradition. Bauddha, Jaina, and other schools also belong to this category As a result the teacher as the bearer and preserver of sacred knowledge was highly venerated Oral Tradition
23
Introduced with the classical dar anas. It is probable that the Indian writing systems came from a Semitic script and that it began to take hold from the 3rd century B.C.E. in inscriptions. The script that we commonly see today is devan gar , which assumed its characteristic shape in the 7th or 8th c. C.E. with the presence of inscriptions. Written Tradition
Similar presentations
© 2024 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.