1. The World of Animals

2. I. Life evolved in the oceans A. Least stressful environment B. Moderating temperature C. Closest to osmotic properties D. Buoyancy not a problem E. Gametes can be released with no problem F. Abundant food

3. II. Parazoa-Sponges (Porifera) A. Introduction 1.do not possess true tissues 2.cell layers are loose associations 3.if you take a sponge and pass it through a screen-it can reassemble 4.layers are dependent upon one another-but not as dependent as higher levels 5.very sessile organisms 6.lack muscles, nerves-individual cells can react to the environment

4. B. Body Plan 1. epidermis with porocytes 2. mesohyl with amoebocytes 3. Inner cell layer with choanocytes

6. 4. Endoskeleton of spicules a. some spicules are calcium carbonate b. some spicules are proteinaceous c. found in mesohyl d. can be used to classify sponge

7. 5. Choanocytes power the sponge a. 275 gallons needed to produce three ounces of new sponge b. Flagella creates water currents c. Microvilli filter water as it comes through

8. 6. Osculum and spongocoel

9. C. Reproduction of sponge 1. asexual fragmentation 2. production of gemmules 3. sexual reproduction- hermaphroditic

10. III. Cnidarians or Coelenterates

11. A. Basic body plan 1. diploblastic 2. gastrovascular cavity 3. radial symmetry 4. tentacles 5. cnidoblasts 6. mesoglea 7. two basic forms- polyp and medusa

13. Polyp or medusa?

15. B. Cnidocyte

16. C. Classes 1. Hydrozoa – a. Alternate – B. Poly most predominant

17. Examples of hydrozoans

18. Hydrozoans

19. Hydra videos http://www.schooltube.com/video/8b4ca7db 15144b83b7c6/Hydra http://www.schooltube.com/video/8b4ca7db 15144b83b7c6/Hydra

20. 2. Scyphozoa a. Medusa stage is prevalent b. jellyfish

21. 3. Anthozoa-sea anemones and corals

22. Other anthzoans