1. EET 450 Motherboards

2. Personal Computer History n 1959 - TI invented the IC –6 transistors n 1969 - Intel introduced 1k-bit memory chip n 1971 - Intel 4004 - the 1st microprocessor chip (4 bit processor) –1972 - the 8008 introduced

3. PC History n 1973 - Personal computers using the 8008 appeared (kits) n late 1973 - Intel 8080 –Jan 1975 - the Altair kit - Popular Electronics feature article n 1975 IBM introduced Model 5100 –$9,000 PC –5110 and 5120 followed

4. PC History n 1976 - Apple I introduced ($695) n 1977 - Apple II n up to 1980 the dominant computer was the S-100 bus system running CP/M –(See the North Star Horizon) n 1980 - IBM introduced the PC –The rest is history

5. THE PC n The Personal Computer currently is based around the MOTHERBOARD n This main logic board has evolved from one containing only the primary logic required to tie together the basic functional units of the PC to an integrated processor/support structure.

6. Motherboard n Motherboard, main board, system board, and planar n Primary elements –Processor –Processor sockets –Clock circuitry –Cache Memory –SIMM/DIMM memory

7. Other Elements n Bus –Differing by type/speed/etc. n BIOS n Form Factor - Size/shape n Built in Interfaces –IDE, Floppy, Serial Port, Parallel Port, Video Display, Sound card, NIB

8. Other Elements n Plug and Play capability n Power Management n Motherboard chipset –‘glue’ logic

9. Motherboard Chipset n Parity –Triton II (430HX) n Non-parity –Triton (430FX) –430TX –430VX n Pentium Pro –Orion (450KX & 450 GX type) or Natoma (440FX)

10. BIOS n ROM Bios is being replaced by other forms of non-volatile memory –flash –eeprom n The basis of how the system will work n provides drivers for certain classes of hardware –ie. Floppy drives, hard drives, PnP, Power

11. Bios n Original Equipment Manufacturer’s –Compaq –AT & T –make their own BIOS n ROM BIOS developers –American Megatrends, Inc. (AMI) –Award Software –Phoenix Software

12. BIOS n AMI –most popular of the 3rd party versions –BIOS ID String can provide specific information about the version and features of any AMI version. –Does not sell code to OEM - licensed only –http://www.ami.com

13. BIOS n Award –Sells code to OEM’s –http://www.award.com n Phoenix –the standard of compatibility –developed using clean room approach –excellent documentation –http://www.firmware.com

14. Motherboard Form Factor n Backplane systems –passive - only connectors –active - includes bus control + n Full-Size AT –12” x 13.8” n Baby AT –8.58” x 13.04

15. Form Factor n LPX –expansion cards plugged into motherbd –Low profile/slimline design –connectors for kb/mouse/video/ser/par –9” x 13” or 8.2” x 10.4” (mini) n ATX –an INTEL spec –released July 95

16. –Low cost, flexible design responds to many user concerns for accessibility and maintainability –12” x 9” –Single 20-pin power connector called a P1 connector –Includes software enabled power-on switch

17. n Mini ATX –ATX board with compact design –11” x 8”

18. CPU Form Factor n SEP – Single Edge Processor (slot 1) n SECC – Single Edge Contact Cartridge (PII/III Slot 1) n SECC2 – SECC, version 2 n PPGA – Plastic Pin Grid Array –Socket 370 n FC-PGA – Flip Chip PGA

19. CPU Form Factor n See Table 3-7 and Figure 3-10 for older chip information n Currently, P4 uses a Socket 478 configuration n AMD uses a Socket A configuration

20. CPU Sockets/Slots n Slot mount CPU’s are fading fast n Sockets should be ZIF (Zero Insertion Force) n Cooling systems are an integral part of any CPU installation -

21. Bus Slots n The bus –pathway of ‘parallel’ signals –Various bus functions n Processor n Memory n Address n I/O –Normally BUS refers to expansion bus

22. Bus Slots n The PCI Interface is the standard for expansion –See table 3-10 for busses through history n The AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) bus provides specialized support for video display adapter –1x, 2x, 4x …

23. Memory Expansion n Motherboard must contain expansion area for memory –FPM – Fast Page –EDO – Extended Data Out –BEDO – Burst EDO –SDRAM – Synchronous DRAM –Rambus DRAM – uses faster bus –DDR SDRAM – Double Data Rate SDRAM

24. Memory Expansion n 30pin SIMM n 72pin SIMM n 168pin DIMM – current standard n RAMBUS

25. Memory n Cache Memory –L1 – closest to the CPU (on the CPU Substrate) –L2 – external to CPU

26. CMOS Settings n Part of BIOS setup n See table 3-12 n Standard n Advanced CMOS setup n Advanced Chip-set setup n Power Setup

27. Assignment n See schedule