1. Minimum Viable Population The smallest population for a species which can be expected to survive for a long time Many factors effect MVP – the study of those factors is often called Population Viability Analysis – or Population Vulnerability Analysis – or PVA

2. English Skylark

4. Metapopulations

5. Metapopulation A series of small, separate populations united together by dispersal Thus even if all members of one population go extinct, other populations survive and dispersal from survivor populations can recolonize the area – a rescue effect

6. Metapopulation Dynamics

7. Bay Checkerspot Butterfly

8. Population dynamics of Bay Checkerspot Butterfly

9. Types of Metapopulations

10. Habitat Loss Orange County, California

13. Habitat Loss Habitat is the physical and biological environment used by an individual, a population or a species Habitat degradation is the process by which habitat quality for a given species is diminished Habitat loss occurs when the habitat quality for a given species is so low that the environment can no longer support the species

14. Ecosystem Loss Ecosystem is a group of organisms and their physical environment Ecosystem degradation occurs when alterations to an ecosystem degrade or destroy habitat for many of the species that constitute the ecosystem Ecosystem loss occurs when the changes to an ecosystem are so great and so many species typical of that ecosystem (especially dominant species) are lost that the ecosystem switches from one type to another

15. Processes that degrade habitat and ecosystems Contamination Human built structures Soil erosion Changing fire regimes Human consumption of water

16. Copper Basin, Tennessee

17. 19261939

18. Copper Basin today

19. Copper Basin – Superfund site

20. Restoration of Burra Burra Pit, Copper Basin Mid-1990sMid 2000s

21. Copper mine tailings, Butte, Montana – largest Superfund site in America

22. Mine tailings outskirts of Sudbury, Ontario

23. Restoration of Sudbury

24. Air pollution – Mexico City

26. Extent of Acid Precipitation

27. Rhine River Basin

28. Healthy Coral Reef

29. Dying Coral Reefs Bleached coralSilted out reef

30. DDT use in 1950s

31. DDT in Zimbabwe

32. Thin Egg Shells from DDT

33. Human Built Structures

35. Pacific or California Fire-bellied Newt

36. Pacific or California Fire-bellied Newt – don’t try this at home w/o washing hands

37. Tilden Park, Berkeley, CA

39. Snake migration in Shawnee Copperhead

40. Dandelion dispersal – along roads and railroads

41. Bonneville Dam, Columbia River, Oregon

43. Fish Ladders

44. The Dingo – Canis familiarus dingo

45. Dingo Fence – The World’s Longest – New South Wales

47. Erosion and loss of habitat on Round Island, Mauritius

48. Smokey the bear - 1953

49. Smokey the Bear - 1960

52. Everglades Surface Water Flow