1. Source: Tufte E. (2001) The Visual Display of Quantitiative Information. 2 nd Ed. Cheshire: Graphics Press Originally published in American Education, 1970’s

2. Stripped of its non-data ink… Number of data items = 5

3. Number of data items = 1 An extreme example

4. On the other hand, Source: http://www.edwardtufte.com, 21 Nov 2002http://www.edwardtufte.com Charles Joseph Minard (1781-1870) Napoleon’s March into Russia in 1812

5. Number of data items = 341 n = 422,000 Died: 412,000 Survived: 10,000 Mortality = 97.6% The data from Minard’s “Figurative Chart”