1. Java Programming Transparency No. 1-1 Introduction to Java Programming Cheng-Chia Chen September 2003

2. Java Programming Transparency No. 1-2 Course web page

3. Java Programming Transparency No. 1-3 Course information  Textbook: None  Main References: The Java Tutorial From Sun Java 2 SDK, Standard Edition Version 1.4 Documentation ) The Java Language Specification Java in a Nutshell 3rd edition,David Flanagan,Oreilly, 1999.  References and Documentations: The Java Virtual Machine http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/onlineTraining/ …

4. Java Programming Transparency No. 1-4 Course information (cont’d)  Some Development Tools and IDEs: Java 2 SDK Version 1.4.2 (free) BeanShell (free) Eclipse (free open source IDE) NetBeans (free open source Java IDE) Borland Builder Foundation Version 9 (free) JEditor JPad …  Grading: 4~5 Programming Exercises (40 %) A Java Application/System Study report (15~20 %) Final Examination (30%) Class Participation (10~15%)

5. Java Programming Transparency No. 1-5 Lecture 1. Introduction Cheng-Chia Chen

6. Java Programming Transparency No. 1-6 Contents 1.What is Java? 2.Features of Java 3.History of Java 4.Develop first Java program 5.Deploy java programs through the internet 1.via Java applet 2.via Java Web Start

7. Java Programming Transparency No. 1-7 What is Java? Java is  a programming language, defined in The Java language specification (v1,v2,v3)The Java language specification  a virtual machine, Defined in The java virtual machine (v1, v2)The java virtual machine  a platform Standard edition (jdk): Jdk v1.0~1.02: 8 packages/212 classes jdk v1.1~1.18: 23 packages/504 classes Java 2 (j2se): SDK v1.2~1.22, v1.30: 59 pkg/1520 classes now v1.4.2 Enterprise edition(j2ee): V1.2, V1.3.1, V1.4beta (Sep,2003) Micro edition (j2me): v1.0,CLDC1.1,MIDP2.0,…

8. Java Programming Transparency No. 1-8 Java 2 Platform editions and their target markets servers & enterprise coputers Desktop & personal computers High-end consumer devices Low-end devices smartcards J2ME

9. Java Programming Transparency No. 1-9

10. Java Programming Transparency No. 1-10 What is J2EE ?  What is the Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE)? a platform that enables solutions for developing, deploying and managing multi-tier server-centric applications. Extend J2SE to a complete, stable, secure, fast Java platform to the enterprise level. A platform which significantly reduces the cost and complexity of developing multi-tier solutions, results in services that can be rapidly deployed and easily enhanced.

11. Java Programming Transparency No. 1-11 Benefits of J2EE 1. A unified platform for building, deploying and managing enterprise-class software. 2. Allow enterprise-class application the ability to run anywhere. 3. A platform with a complete range of readily available enterprise-class services. 4. A single easy-to-learn blueprint programming model for J2EE. 5. A platform that is built upon and leverages existing IT investments and guarantees that enterprise-class software will work on multiple platforms.

12. Java Programming Transparency No. 1-12 Technologies included in J2EE  Enterprise JavaBeans,  JavaServer Pages, JavaServer Faces  servlets,  the Java Naming and Directory Interface TM (JNDI),  the Java Transaction API (JTA),  CORBA,  The JDBC data access API.  Java Message Queue (JMQ)  …

13. Java Programming Transparency No. 1-13 What is J2ME ?  1.What is the Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition (J2ME)?J2ME The Java TM 2 Platform, Micro Edition is the edition of the Java 2 platform targeted at consumer electronics and embedded devices. The J2ME technology consists of a virtual machine (KVM) and a set of APIs suitable for providing tailored runtime environments for consumer and embedded electronics.  Configurations v.s. profiles  Device characteristics: memory size / processor size and depth of display screen (UI) power consumption (battery-based) networking capability (limited, not TCP/IP based?)

14. Java Programming Transparency No. 1-14 Features of the java language: Java is  simple  object-oriented  distributed  interpreted  robust  secure  architecture-neutral  portable  high performance  multithreaded  dynamic

15. Java Programming Transparency No. 1-15 Java is Simple  Intentionally created to be syntactically similar to C/C++  Eliminates traditionally troublesome features of C/C++ Pointer arithmetic Multiple inheritance Implicit type coercions Explicit memory management Preprocessor  Eliminates features of C/C++ struct typedef union enum (Programmer controlled) operator overloading  Features included as part of base language: Threads Exception handling

16. Java Programming Transparency No. 1-16 Java is Object-oriented  Systems are built from sets of classes  Classes are instantiated at runtime to give objects  Objects communicate via messages passing  Everything is part of a class  supported OO Concepts: Data abstraction and Encapsulation Inheritance Polymorphism Dynamic Binding e.g. variable of Object type can hold everything  Logical cluster of classes == package

17. Java Programming Transparency No. 1-17 Java is a Distributed language  Network programming support built into JDK class library: TCP sockets UDP packets IP addresses URLs RMI (Remote Method Invocation) Web Service  Security features designed into language  Network programming facilities are one of the language's best features.

18. Java Programming Transparency No. 1-18 Java is an Interpreted language  Source code is initially compiled ( javac ) into architecture-neutral byte-codes  Byte-codes are interpreted by the java virtual machine (JVM) ( java or Netscape)  Dynamic linking/loading (at run time)  (Just In Time) JIT compilers lead to a large performance increase in compilation and runtime execution

19. Java Programming Transparency No. 1-19 Java is Robust  Strongly-typed language (cf Smalltalk and VisualBasic)  Compile-time and runtime checking  No pointer arithmetic  Exception handling  Automatic memory management

20. Java Programming Transparency No. 1-20 Java is secure  Designed with security in mind.  Allow users to download untrusted code over a network and run it in a secure environment in which it cannot do any harm.  Configurable security levels and restrictions.  subjected to intense scrutiny by security experts with [potentially serious ] bugs found and fixed. become a big news if new bugs found!!  One of the best mainstream platforms with the strongest security guarantee.

21. Java Programming Transparency No. 1-21 Java is Architecture-neutral  Byte-codes are architecture neutral  Performance suffers by using bytecodes

22. Java Programming Transparency No. 1-22 Java is portable  Primitive type sizes are explicit - not architecture dependent  Strings and characters are (16-bit) Unicode compliant easier for internationalization.  GUI libraries give a native graphic library- independent mechanism for creating quality graphical interfaces (sort of) "They gave us a library that is good for writing programs that look equally mediocre on the different systems." (Core Java, page 9)

23. Java Programming Transparency No. 1-23 High performance  Interpreting leads to quicker development cycle  Depends what you compare it to "Slightly faster than VB" - (Core Java, page 9) JITC(Just-In-Time Compiler) help greatly in this respect Sun’s Java HotSpot is Newest high performace JIT compiler.  Can use native code for mission-critical performance sections of code JNI: Java Native Interface Sacrifice portability.

24. Java Programming Transparency No. 1-24 Multithreaded  Based on well-known 20 year old Hoare monitor synchronization  Thread support built into language  Thread synchronization primitives supplied  Garbage collector runs permanently as a low priority background thread

25. Java Programming Transparency No. 1-25 Dynamic  Class linking, layout, name resolution and object references not resolved until run-time  Runtime Type Information (RTTI) available Can check the type of objects at run-time java.reflect.* package  Class class for dynamic instantiation Can create objects of types unkown until runtime. String sexClassName = getSex(); Object p = Class.forName(sexClassName).instance(); If(p instanceof Male) {…} else if (p instanceof Female) { … } else {… }

26. Java Programming Transparency No. 1-26 An Example /** * The HelloJava class implements an application that * simply displays "Hello Java!" to the standard output. */ class HelloJava { public static void main(String[] args) { // Display "Hello Java!" System.out.println("Hello Java!"); }

27. Java Programming Transparency No. 1-27 History of Java  Green Project (1990) Consumer device operating software Requirements: small size, robust, portable, extremely reliable,real- time performance  Oak Originally used C++, then realized a new language was needed Original requirements same as for current language  Java (1993) Intended market never eventuated WWW starting to takeoff Language design "based on" many current OO languages (e.g., C++, Eiffel, Smalltalk, Cedar/Mesa, Objective C) 1995/5/23 Sun launched Java JDK 1.0 released early 1996/1/23

28. Java Programming Transparency No. 1-28 History of Java  1997 … 2/18: Complete JDK1.1 released 3/28: JDK1.1.1, 5/28: JDK1.1.2, 7/2: JDK1.1.3,…  1998: 9/28: JDK1.1.7, 12/8: J2SE  1999: 6/? J2ME 12/7 J2EE  2001 J2SE 1.4.0  Now(2003 Sep.): j2se1.4.2, j2ee 1.3.1,1.4 beta, …

29. Java Programming Transparency No. 1-29 Develop your first Java Program and applet 1. Required softwares 2. Creating Your First Application a. Create a Java Source File b. Compile the Source File c. Run the Program d. invoke the program remotely via Java Web Start. 3. Creating Your First Applet a. Create a Java Source File b. Create related HTML files c. Compile and run the Source File

30. Java Programming Transparency No. 1-30 Required Softwares To write your first program, you will need: 1. The Java TM 2 Platform, Standard Edition. 2. A text editor. Ex:  NotePad,  Ultraedit,  EditPlus2

31. Java Programming Transparency No. 1-31 2. Creating Your First Application  The first program, HelloWorldApp, will simply display : “Hello World!".  Steps: a. Create a Java source file. > Notepad HelloWorldApp.java b. Compile the source file into a bytecode file. > javac HelloWorldApp.java c. Run the program contained in the bytecode file. >java HelloWorldApp d. invoke the program remotely via Java Web Start. d.1 :> jar cf HelloJWS.jar HelloWorlApp.class d.2 : prepare HelloJWS.jnlp d.3 : prepare web page to hyperlink HelloJWS.jnlp

32. Java Programming Transparency No. 1-32 HelloJava.java /** * The HelloWorldApp class implements an application that * simply displays "Hello World!" to the standard output. */ class HelloWorldApp { public static void main(String[] args) { // Display "Hello World!" System.out.println("Hello World!"); }

33. Java Programming Transparency No. 1-33

34. Java Programming Transparency No. 1-34 JWS Architecture

35. Java Programming Transparency No. 1-35 (web page) d. Invoke Java application remotely via JWS <jnlp spec="1.0" codebase="http://61.70.136.131/courses/java/java2003f all/jws/" href="helloJWS.jnlp"> Hello Java Web Start Cheng-Chia Chen A simpe Demo of Java Web Start. HelloJWS.jar … Start HelloJWS … example

36. Java Programming Transparency No. 1-36 Java 2 SDK Installation Instructions (for WIN32) 1. Download java 2 SDK standard edition 2. Run the Java 2 SDK executable (*.exe). determine where to install j2se. (ex: c:\java\j2se\1.4) > set JAVA_HOME= c:\java\j2se\1.4 3. Update the PATH variable so that you can type ‘java’ instead of ‘c:\java\j2se\1.4\bin\java’ to invoke javatools. > path=%JAVA_HOME%\bin;%PATH% 4. Check the CLASSPATH variable Used by java tools to determine where to find your personal (nonsystem) java class files Types of java byte codes (class files):  System : java tools know where to find them.  Extensions: put in %JAVA_HOME%\jre\lib\ext  Personal: via LASSPATH or –cp/–classpath options 5. Start using the Java 2 SDK tools! java, javac, javadoc, jdb, javap,…

37. Java Programming Transparency No. 1-37 3. Creating Your First Applet a. Create a Java Source File: HelloJavaApplet.java import java.applet.*; import java.awt.*; /** * The HelloJavaApplet class implements an applet that * simply displays "Hello World!". */ public class HelloJavaApplet extends Applet { public void paint(Graphics g) { // Display "Hello Java Applet!" g.drawString("Hello world!", 50, 25); }

38. Java Programming Transparency No. 1-38 b. Create an HTML file to contain the applet. A Simple Program Here is the output of my program: <APPLET CODE="HelloJavaApplet.class" CODEBASE=“./applets/” WIDTH=250 HEIGHT=25> The applet does not work!  Save this code to a file called HelloJavaApplet.html.

39. Java Programming Transparency No. 1-39 c. Compile and run the program  Compile the Source File. Javac HelloJavaApplet.java  Run the program: With Appletviewer: appleviewer HelloWorld With IE explorer, Netscape: double click HelloJavaApplet.html  demo demo