1. Heirs to Rome: Late Antiquity & Early Medieval Europe

2. Today’s Topics I. “Dark Ages” & “Barbarians” (5 th c.) II. Byzantine Empire (5 th -14 th c. III. Expansion of Islam (7 th c. - ) IV. Charlemagne & Carolingian Renaissance (9 th c.)

4. Germanic Kingdoms When? –Ca. 370-530 Who? –Huns, Vandals, Ostrogoths, Visigoths, Franks, A-Saxons Where? –From East and North and South, all over Europe Why? –Migration; outside pressure; farmland; collapse of Rome So What?

5. “Barbarian” Invasions

6. Location of Germanic Tribes P. 223 in your textbook

7. Fighting “Barbarians” Ostrogoth

8. More Fighting Barbarians

9. Various views of “Barbarians” Ammianus Marcellinus –“They have squat bodies, strong limbs, and thick necks, and are prodigiously ugly…They have no buildings to shelter them…They never change their clothing until it rots to pieces….” (p. 221) Priscus –“Attila’s dwelling had highly polished timbers and elegant towers…Maidens came to meet him under fine white linens, and offered him dainties and other wine, which he graciously accepted from his horse.” (p. 221) Tacitus –“In the election of kings they look to birth; for generals, valor; between wars they are in a sluggish repose, divided between sleep and the table….They have an ignorance of the art of building….The matrimonial bond is nevertheless strict and severe among them, and adultery is extremely rare, its punishment instant.”

10. Significance of Germanic Tribes in Western Civ Germanic + Roman + Christian = Europe Intermarriage, assimilation, and transformation of Roman legacy Slow conversion to Xity Collapse & rebuilding of polit. states & econ. Trade & large latifundia Germanic legal traditions Local > imperial control

11. II. Byzantine Empire Begun in 6 th c. by Emperor Justinian; lasts until 13 th c. when conquered by Turks Capital at Constantinople Battles against expansionist Islam Eastern Orthodox Christianity, w/ patriarch Innovative Legal developments Complex imperial administration (“byzantine”) See Map, p. 250

12. Emperor Justinian (527-565) Digest and Law Codes and Institutes Built Hagia Sophia Married Theodora Plague Promoted Eastern Christianity (“Greek Orthodox”) Noble, pp. 224-228

13. The Hagia Sophia (Constantinople) See p. 229 in our textbook

15. Mosaics at Ravenna (Justinian, Theodora) See pp. 227 and 237 in our textbook

17. III. Expansion of Islam Arab Conquest to 733

18. Expansion of Islam Muhammad (570-632) Prophet of new religion Hijra (622) pilgrimage from Mecca to Medina Umayyad dynasty (661-750) Abbasid dynasty (750-12 th c.) Sunni vs. Shi’a

19. IV. Charlemagne (768-814) King of Franks (in Gaul) New ruling ideology Ardent defender of Christanity United FR, GER, NETH, N.Italy Supra-regional empire Carolingian miniscule Court at Aix-la-Chapelle See Noble, p. 257 ff.

20. Charlemagne’s Empire See also the map in Noble, p. 259

21. Einhard See p. 260 in textbook, and on Internet History Sourcebook Biographer of Charlemagne; consciously imitates Suetonius.

22. Charlemagne & the Church

24. German Fraktur vs. Carolingian Miniscule

26. See Noble, p. 273

27. Royal Palace at Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen) See p. 263 in textbook

28. Charlemagne’s Palace at Aachen

29. Charlemagne’s Palatine Chapel