1. Operator Challenges Meeting Both Drinking Water and Wastewater Needs Vanessa Wike, P.E. Drinking Water Program Statewide Engineering Coordinator (907) 269-7696 555 Cordova St. Anchorage, AK 99501 vanessa.wike@alaska.gov Department of Environmental Conservation Sustained Compliance for Public Water Systems, Chapter 2 Anchorage, Alaska September 29, 2011 James MacInnis, P.E. Wastewater Program Statewide Engineering Coordinator (907) 269-4874 555 Cordova St. Anchorage, AK 99501 James.macinnis@alaska.gov

2. Overview Engineering Oversight – Drinking Water – Wastewater Water Wastewater Unintended Impacts to Wastewater System Filter Discharges System Discharges (Disinfection, Flushing, Leaks) Water Wastewater Increased Risk of Contamination Water / Wastewater Separation Issues Cross Connection Control Drains

3. Drinking Water Engineering Goals -Public Health Activities -Plan Review -Inspections -Technical Assistance “At any given time, half of the world’s hospital beds are occupied by patients suffering from diseases associated with lack of access to safe drinking water, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene.” (2006 United Nations Human Development Report)

4. Bill Smyth, EIT 451-2177 bill.smyth@alaska.gov Oran Woolley 376-1852 oran.woolley@alaska.gov Bill Rieth, PE 269-7519 bill.rieth@alaska.gov Monica English 262-5210 x229 monica.english@alaska.gov Joran Freeman 465-5167 joran.freeman@alaska.gov Fairbanks Mat-Su Anchorage Vacant, PE (Lead) 269-3076 Chris Clark, EIT 269-7516 chris.clark@alaska.gov Dan Reichardt, EIT 269-7631 daniel.reichardt@alaska.gov Bill Tyrell, PE 269-6064 william.tyrell@alaska.gov Scott Forgue, PE (Lead) 262-3471 scott.forgue@alaska.gov Katrina Ladd, EIT 262-3400 katrina.ladd@alaska.gov David Khan, PE 465-5317 david.khan@alaska.gov Roy Robertson, PE (Lead) 376-1862 roy.robertson@alaska.gov Braden Galloway, PE 376-1846 braden.galloway@alaska.gov New Vacant, EIT 376- #### Lee Johnson, PE (Lead) 451-2179 lee.johnson@alaska.gov Michael Jaynes, EIT 451-2165 michael.jaynes@alaska.gov Shawna Laderach, PE 451-5032 shawna.laderach@alaska.gov Johnny Mendez, PE 451-5193 johnny.mendez@alaska.gov J S A M F W ASTEWATER E NGINEERS Northern/Fairbanks Office 610 University Ave Fairbanks, AK 99709 Mat-Su Office 1700 E. Bogard Rd, Bldg B, Suite 103 Wasilla, AK 99654 Juneau Office (wastewater only) 410 Willoughby Ave., Suite 303 Juneau, AK 99801 Kenai/Southeast Office 43335 Kalifornsky Beach Rd., Ste 11 Soldotna, AK 99669 Southcentral/Anchorage Office 555 Cordova Street Anchorage, AK 99501 M AILING A DDRESSES Kenai/Southeast D RINKING W ATER E NGINEERS

5. Wastewater Engineering Goals - Public Health -Environment Activities -Plan Review -Permits -Technical Assistance

6. Drinking Water Wastewater Source Treatment & Storage Distribution Treatment & Storage Collection Discharge “At any given time, half of the world’s hospital beds are occupied by patients suffering from diseases associated with lack of access to safe drinking water, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene.” (2006 United Nations Human Development Report)

7. Filter Operations Conventional, Direct, Green Sand Membrane Iron Oxide Media Ion Exchange (water softeners) System Discharges operations, disinfection, flushing, leaks Drinking Water Wastewater

8. Filter Discharges “Filter to Waste” flows Typically less concentrated contaminants, but possible sediment, sludge Conventional, Direct, Green Sand Big backwash flows periodically (15 gpm, for 15-20 minutes)

9. Filter Backwash Pond

10. Filter Discharges, cont. Membrane Reject water flows constantly Chemically concentrated

11. Filter Discharges, cont. Iron Oxide Media Big flows periodically, may contain Arsenic Ion Exchange (water softeners) Periodic flows, usually minimal Small amounts of Calcium/Magnesium/Iron and possibly Arsenic

12. System Discharges Other issues : Sludge (possibly, for systems adding a coagulant) Disinfection & Flushing Leaks

13. Discharges to Wastewater Checklist WHERE is it going? HOW MUCH (volume) is being generated? WHAT is in the backwash water?

14. Discharge Requirements To Groundwater (drain field, percolation pond, etc.) – Meet Drinking Water Standards – Plan Review To Surface Water (stream, lake, ocean, etc.) – APDES Permit is required – Plan Review – Salmon Stream Restrictions

15. Discharge Limits Groundwater – Drinking Water Standards Surface Water – No Impairment of water body – Case-by-case basis (APDES) – Water Quality Standards, 18 AAC 70

16. Potential Cross Contamination Separation Distances Water Source Public Water Line Cross Connection Control Backflow Prevention Drains Drinking Water Wastewater

17. Potential Cross Contamination Separation Distances Water Source vs. Wastewater Public Water Lines vs. Wastewater Cross Connection Control Backflow Prevention Drains

18. Required Separation Distances Only 62% of the world’s population has access to improved sanitation – defined as a sanitation facility that ensures hygienic separation of human excreta from human contact. UNICEF/WHO. 2008. Water System Community Sewer Line, Wastewater Holding Tank & “Other” Treatment & Disposal System (Septic Tank, Absorption Field) Community Sewer Cleanout Private Sewer Line, Private Sewer Cleanout Fuel Tank, Fuel Line Source Serving: Federally Regulated PWS 200 ‘ 100 ‘ Source Serving: State Regulated 100 ‘150 ‘75 ‘ Source Serving: Private 75 ‘ 25 ‘ Waterline 10 ‘ This is a summary. For a complete set of separation distance requirements, refer to Drinking Water Regulations 18 AAC 80, and Wastewater Regulations 18 AAC 72. If you have any questions or concerns about meeting a separation distance requirement, please contact an Drinking Water or Wastewater Engineer BEFORE construction.

19. Summary Protect your wastewater system Don’t poison your system (pretreatment) Protect your environment Keep inadequately treated sewage off the ground, out of groundwater and out of surface water Protect your drinking water Don’t contaminate your drinking water by connecting it to wastewater The majority of the illness in the world is caused by fecal matter. Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council (WSSCC) 2008.

20. Summary Call engineering if you have questions ….

21. References Drinking Water Engineering: http://www.dec.state.ak.us/eh/dw/dwmain/engineering.html Wastewater Engineering: http://www.dec.state.ak.us/water/wwdp/onsite/index.htm http://www.dec.state.ak.us/water/wwdp/engineering/engineering.htm EPA Cross Connection Control Manual: http://www.epa.gov/ogwdw/pdfs/crossconnection/crossconnection.pdf Alaska Drinking Water Regulations: http://www.dec.state.ak.us/regulations/pdfs/18%20AAC%2080.pdf Alaska Wastewater Regulations: http://www.dec.state.ak.us/regulations/pdfs/18%20AAC%2072.pdf Alaska Water Quality Regulations: http://www.dec.state.ak.us/regulations/pdfs/18%20AAC%2070.pdf

22. Contacts James MacInnis 555 Cordova St. Anchorage, AK 99501 (907) 269-4874 James.macinnis@alaska.gov Vanessa Wike 555 Cordova St. Anchorage, AK 99501 (907) 269-7696 vanessa.wike@alaska.gov DEC Drinking Wastewater Program Engineering Group http://dec.alaska.gov/eh/dw/dwmain/engineering.html DEC Drinking Water Program Engineering Group … coming soon …