1. Copyright MBARI 2006 Estimating Ocean Heat Flux Using AUVs: Error Analysis, Sampling Design, and Preliminary Results from the MB06 Experiment Yanwu Zhang and James G. Bellingham Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute

2. Copyright MBARI 2006 A Science Goal in MB06 Experiment: Heat Budget in the ASAP Box

3. Copyright MBARI 2006 Heat Flux Estimation Using AUVs Control volume Length L normal current velocity

4. Copyright MBARI 2006 Formulation and Calculation of Heat Flux Estimation Error R P (τ, λ) is the autocovariance function of P(t, x)

5. Copyright MBARI 2006 Current Velocity Measurements during MB06 Experiment

6. Copyright MBARI 2006 Current Velocity’s Temporal-Spatial Autocovariance Function

7. Copyright MBARI 2006 Current Velocity’s Fitted to

8. Copyright MBARI 2006 Derivation of Temporal and Spatial Scales of [temperature · current velocity]

9. Copyright MBARI 2006 Heat Flux Estimation Error as a Function of AUVs’ Speed and Number

10. Copyright MBARI 2006 Heat Flux Estimation Performance Using Spray Gliders and Dorado AUVs

11. Copyright MBARI 2006 Extend the analysis from a line to a surface. Estimate heat flux into the ASAP box during the MB06 Experiment. Acknowledgments: –Prof. Steven Ramp of Naval Postgraduate School for the bottom- mounted ADCP stations data. –Prof. Timothy Cowles and Dr. Stephen Pierce of Oregon State University for R/V Thompson ADCP data. –Prof. Russ Davis of Scripps for discussions on heat flux calculation. –Packard Foundation and ONR for projects funding. Next-Step Work

12. Copyright MBARI 2006 Formulation and Calculation of Heat Flux Estimation Error One AUV Two half-speed AUVs

13. Copyright MBARI 2006 Temporal Autocovariance Function of [temperature · current velocity] by Co-Measurements at MBARI Moorings M1 and M2

14. Copyright MBARI 2006 Temporal Autocovariance Function of Current Velocity by Measurements at MBARI Moorings M1 and M2

15. Copyright MBARI 2006 Temporal Autocovariance Function of Temperature by Measurements at MBARI Moorings M1 and M2