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World Tilapia Markets in 2001 Kevin Fitzsimmons, Ph.D. Professor - University of Arizona Sec. / Tres. - American Tilapia Association President - US. Aquaculture Soc. Chapter of WAS October 2001
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Introduction F Review worldwide tilapia production F Advances in production technologies F Examine production costs F Examine current tilapia markets F Discuss problems of supply and demand F Opportunities to expand markets
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Tilapia introductions around the world F Oreochromis mossambicus first to be widely distributed in 1930’s and 1940’s. F To United States in 1954 F Oreochromis aureus introduced in 1950’s and 1960’s. F Oreochromis niloticus introduced in 1970’s F Red strains developed in 1970’s and 80’s F Oreochromis niloticus spreads in 1990’s F Total production of 900,000 mt in 2000
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Production widely distributed around the world. F FAO reports production in 85 countries. F East Asia, Indonesia, Latin America, Caribbean, Middle East, are primary tropical producers F Germany, Belgium, Spain, Canada, Korea, Japan, most states in US
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Production widely distributed around the world. F Wild catch being replaced by farm raised F Used in many cuisine, hundreds of recipes F Tilapia, boulti, pla nil, mojara, St. Peters fish, freshwater snapper
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Grows well in most production systems F Ponds F Cages F Raceways, round tanks, recirculating systems F Ranching (lake releases) F Freshwater, Brackish water, Estuarine, and Marine
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Grows well in most production systems F Polyculture with shrimp, catfish, carp F Herbivorous and /or omnivorous F Good growth in fertilized ponds F Many agricultural by-products can be used in tilapia feeds or to fertilize ponds
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Pond culture in the Philippines
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Ponds and cages Farm pond in Brazil Reservoir pond in Arizona
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Cages in irrigation ditches
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Cages in Egypt 10 m 2 cages near Alexandria
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Cages in Irrigation Reservoirs 100 m 2 cages in Philippines
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Intensive ponds Ponds in Arizona Ponds in Costa Rica
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Intensive tanks Tanks in Arizona Tanks in California
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Intensive Raceway Systems Raceways in Arizona Raceways in Mexico
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Production directly in delivery ditches
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Pond culture to cotton irrigation
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Other benefits of Tilapia F Simple hatchery technology F Disease resistant F Grow well at high densities F Several color variants available F More “domesticated” than most aquaculture crops
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Red strain of tilapia
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Established market demand F Accepted in many national dishes F Popular in many forms F Live, Whole, fillets, fresh and frozen, smoked, sashimi
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Problem (opportunity) areas F Low fillet recovery rate F Slow growing females F Off-flavors
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Advances and Solutions: Low fillet recovery rate F Selective breeding programs (GIFT, Israel, US) F Tilapia genome project F Transgenics - Growth hormones F Growth enhancers - Bovine Somatotropins F Better processing equipment
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Advances and Solutions: Slow growing females F Methyltestosterone F Genetically male tilapia F All male hybrids F High density culture F O. niloticus with larger females
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Advances and Solutions: Off-flavors F Depuration systems F Control of blue-green algae F Production in systems with limited access to benthic algae (cages, recirculating, indoors)
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Major Tilapia Producers (estimate for year 2000) F China - 450,000 metric tons / year F Mexico - 102,000 mt / year F Philippines - 90,000 mt / year F Taiwan Province - 90,000 mt / year F Indonesia - 50,000 mt / year F Brazil - 45,000 mt / year F Thailand - 40,000 mt / year
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Major Tilapia Producers in the Americas (for year 2000) F Mexico - 102,000 metric tons/year F Brazil - 45,000 mt / year F Cuba - 39,000 mt / year F Colombia - 23,000 mt / year F Ecuador - 15,000 mt / year F Costa Rica - 10,000 mt / year F USA - 8,200 mt / year F Honduras - 5,000 mt / year
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Major Tilapia Producers in International Trade F China - whole frozen, IQF fillets F Philippines - fresh (all domestic) F Taiwan - whole & IQF, sashimi F Mexico - fresh (all domestic) F Indonesia - IQF fillets F Thailand - IQF fillets
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Estimated cost of production F China - $1.00 / kg F Philippines - $1.10 / kg F Taiwan - $1.50 / kg F Mexico - $1.30 / kg F Indonesia - $1.20 / kg F Thailand - $1.30 / kg
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Typical prices for Tilapia products sold in the U.S. (October 2001.)
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Species produced F Shrimp, trout, tilapia, catfish, grass carp and many other species can be grown in irrigation water.
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Carbon monoxide debate F CO used to preserve fillets F Maintains “fresh appearance” F Still under review as treatment F May improve shelf life, reduce bacteria F May have to report as treated with a preservative
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Supply and Demand F Supply primarily from tropical countries F Demand is in producer countries and US F With rapid increases in supply, demand must increase at least as fast to support price.
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Production of Tilapia in the Americas 2000 (by volume)
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Major Tilapia Products in International Trade F Costa Rica - fresh fillets F Ecuador - fresh and frozen fillets F Honduras and Jamaica - fresh and frozen fillets F Mexico, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba USA - strong domestic demands, minimal exports
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Estimated cost of production F Brazil, Ecuador, Cuba - $1.10 / kg F Costa Rica, Jamaica - $1.20 / kg F Colombia, Mexico - $1.25 / kg F USA - $2.00 / kg F Canada - $2.10 / kg
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International markets F Costa Rica was first major exporter F Ecuador is now major exporter from the Americas F Honduras has rapid expansion F Colombia, Cuba, Brazil and Mexico are supplying strong domestic markets F Prices on international markets will not increase from present levels.
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International markets F Ecuador has passed Costa Rica as supplier of fillets to US F Ecuador integrating with shrimp production F Colombia and Mexico were exporters to US, but exports levels decreased while production increased
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Tilapia production and Markets in Mexico F Production in most states of Mexico F Intensive in north, lake ranching in south F Strong domestic markets; on ice, fillets in grocery stores F Will eventually develop export markets.
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Tilapia production & Markets in Brasil F Production in Southeast and Northeast F Red tilapia in Southeast for fee-fishing and food F Cage farms allowed in NE reservoirs. F Tilapia leather industry F Jump in interest with ISTA 5 in Rio. F Will eventually develop export markets.
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Tilapia production in Ecuador F Replacing shrimp because of white spot disease F Using shrimp infrastructure F Exporting to US and EU F Will they revert to shrimp if disease is controlled?
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Tilapia aquaculture in Ecuador
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US Tilapia consumption (mt)
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Source of US Tilapia supply 2000 (by volume)
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US. Tilapia imports 1993-2000
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Value of tilapia products imported to U.S.
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Tilapia Production in the US = Live Sales
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www.tilapia.org
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Internet Tilapia Market sites
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International market changes F Increasing domestic consumption in producing countries especially Colombia, Brazil, Mexico, Costa Rica F Colombia starting to export again, Mexico and Brazil will follow
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Current International Market Trends F Increase in demand for all forms of tilapia F Demand increase will be greatest for fresh fillets F Prices have been constant for several years and will remain stable, will not increase with inflation.
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Current International Market Trends F US and EU growers will concentrate on live sales and highly processed forms F Latin America and Southeast Asia will be primary US suppliers F Latin America, Caribbean and Africa will supply EU
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Marketing - Push vs. Pull F Push = get distributors to take more product F Pull = get consumers to demand more product F Push = often more expenses with product, price and profit lower F Pull = advertising, higher prices and profits
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Marketing - Push F Lower price F Advertise in business magazine F Value adding to product F Better packaging
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Marketing - Pull F Advertise to consumer F Advertise in general interest magazine F Product placement F Value adding to product F Better packaging F Testimonials
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F Dear Kevin, F I have recently began using Tilapia fillets farm raised by Sea Best and distributed by Beaver Street Fisheries, Inc. I buy these in individual vacuum sealed packages in one pound bags at Wal-Mart in San Marcos, Texas. My husband has diabetes and we both are very weight conscious. This fish is the perfect food item for us, I love the way it is packaged, just use what I need for one meal, it is reasonably priced, always available in the market and consistently high quality. I trust you will forward these comments to the producer. F I LOVE THE PRODUCT!!!! F Marian Birnie Aug. 12, 2001
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Packaging and Delivery
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New product forms - Push and Pull Smoked tilapia Sashimi grade tilapia
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Changes and Predictions F Further intensification in virtually every country F Production will be 75% Oreochromis niloticus, 20% Red strains, O. aureus and O. mossambicus mostly for hybridization F Production will be 50% intensive ponds, 25% cages, 10% intensive recirculating systems
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Changes and Predictions F Further intensification in virtually every country F Production will be 75% Oreochromis niloticus, 20% Red strains, O. aureus and O. mossambicus mostly for hybridization F Production will be 50% intensive ponds, 25% cages, 10% intensive recirculating systems
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Changes and Predictions F Further intensification in virtually every country F Production will be 75% Oreochromis niloticus, 20% Red strains, O. aureus and O. mossambicus mostly for hybridization F Production will be 50% intensive ponds, 25% cages, 10% intensive recirculating systems
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Changes and Predictions F Leather goods from skin will become a significant contributor to profitability F Processing and "value-adding" will intensify in producing countries F Polyculture with shrimp will become common in most shrimp farming areas
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Changes and Predictions F Processing and "value-adding" will intensify in producing countries
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Changes and Predictions F US production will increase slowly, intensifying current production methods F Production in the Americas will reach 500,000 mt by 2010 and 1,000,000 mt by 2020
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Conclusions - Marketing tilapia F Increasing demand / markets should begin in producing country F Opening new markets will be required in US F Plenty of techniques can be used to build markets F Many are free or low cost (product placement, samples, live tanks, Web sites) F Most effective forms require investment
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