1. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Christine L. Case Microbiology B.E Pruitt & Jane J. Stein AN INTRODUCTION EIGHTH EDITION TORTORA FUNKE CASE Chapter 22, part A Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

2. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Microbes enter the nervous system via: Skull or backbone fractures Medical procedures Along peripheral nerves Blood or lymph

3. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Nervous System Figure 22.1

4. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System Bacteria can grow in the cerebrospinal fluid in the subarachnoid space of the CNS The blood brain barrier (capillaries) prevents passage of some materials (such as antimicrobial drugs) into the CNS Meningitis Inflammation of meninges Encephalitis Inflammation of the brain

5. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid Figure 22.2

6. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fever, headache, stiff neck Followed by nausea and vomiting May progress to convulsions and coma Diagnosis by Gram stain of CSF Treated with cephalosporins Bacterial Meningitis

7. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bacterial Meningitis Table 22.1

8. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Occurs mostly in children (6 months to 4 years) Gram-negative aerobic bacteria, normal throat microbiota Capsule antigen type b Prevented by Hib vaccine Haemophilus influenzae Meningitis

9. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Haemophilus influenzae Meningitis Figure 22.3

10. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings N. meningitidis Gram-negative aerobic cocci, capsule 10% of people are healthy nasopharyngeal carriers Begins as throat infection, rash Serotype B is most common in the U.S. Vaccine against some serotypes is available Neisseria Meningitis, Meningococcal Meningitis

11. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Neisseria Meningitis, Meningococcal Meningitis Figure 22.4

12. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Gram-positive diplococci 70% of people are healthy nasopharyngeal carriers Most common in children (1 month to 4 years) Mortality: 30% in children, 80% in elderly Prevented by vaccination Streptococcus pneumoniae Meningitis, Pneumococcal Pneumonia

13. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Listeria monocytogenes Gram-negative aerobic rod Usually foodborne, can be transmitted to fetus Reproduce in phagocytes Listeriosis

14. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Listeriosis Figure 22.5

15. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Clostridium tetani Gram-positive, endospore-forming, obligate anaerobe Grows in deep wounds Tetanospasmin released from dead cells blocks relaxation pathway in muscles Prevention by vaccination with tetanus toxoid (DTP) and booster (dT) Treatment with tetanus immune globulin Tetanus

16. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Tetanus Figure 22.6