1. Point of view and narration Point of view of camera Point of view of character Point of view of spectator Controlling the flow of story information To channel, direct, and control the spectator’s knowledge and desire along the predetermined pathways of the plot.

2. Point of view Ideology Film style Psychology of spectator

3. Point of view “I believe films offer both pleasure and an opportunity to better understand the world we live in.” – Jean-Michel Frodon

4. Ideology and point of view The point of view of the film as its implicit set of values How these values are conveyed and carried by film form

5. Ideology and point of view Industry or government regulation. Presentation of conflicting values in the plot. Aesthetic ideologies and film style.

6. Ideology and point of view

7. Formal elements can serve ideological purposes: Montage Long take / deep focus Framing Mise-en-scène

8. Ideology and point of view Elements of film form and style are not innocent: They may preserve and perpetuate, in their very form, certain social attitudes and exclude others.

9. Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema (Laura Mulvey, 1975) Psychoanalytic theory as a political weapon: Aim to expose ways unconscious structures are involved in ways of seeing and how they are manifested in cinema.

10. Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema (Laura Mulvey, 1975) Pleasures of the cinema: Scopophilia / voyeurism Narcissism Women = to-be-looked-at-ness Active/male Passive/female

11. Point of view

12. What happens when Melanie looks?

13. Point of view Who controls narration?

14. Point of view Why do the birds attack?