1. Prof. Gautam Dasgupta Columbia University Security Engineering -- An Introduction to the LiveDesign Paradigm by Gautam Dasgupta, Professor, Civil Engineering Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA Tel:212-854-3102;fax:212-854-6267; email:gd18@columbia.edu url:www.columbia.edu/~gd18 Keywords: Bayesian updating, extreme value statistics, security and sensors Date modified: August 8, 2004

2. Prof. Gautam Dasgupta Columbia University Design vs. LiveDesign Conventional design/construction governed by: 1. mechanical stress 2. cost considerations LiveDesign a. geared towards mitigating disasters b. detects imminent threats and breach of security

3. Prof. Gautam Dasgupta Columbia University IT based LiveDesign Information Technology (IT) has empowered engineers to develop LiveDesign prototypes that I) alert civic authorities confronted with manmade disasters II) suggest optimal evacuation/rescue along the most favorable routes

4. Prof. Gautam Dasgupta Columbia University Statistical decision in LiveDesign IT-based optimization/decision process 1. high speed 2. large scale 3. distributed computation 4. impliments extreme-value statistics Bayesian updating is almost instantaneous Hence the paradigm is termed LiveDesign.

5. Prof. Gautam Dasgupta Columbia University 1. Background work from 2001 (a) engineers (b) architects (c) computer scientists (d) lawyers 2. LiveDesign core methodology 3. Randomly selected office building models 4. Seamless information augmentation -- open environment 5. Nonrestrictive extension for all civil infrastructures (a) watersheds (b) energy systems 6. Versatility of LiveDesign LiveDesign Research

6. Prof. Gautam Dasgupta Columbia University Three principal parts of LiveDesign 1. Data acquisition 2. Statistical combination of characteristic indicators to construct threat scenarios 3. Display/broadcast virtual reality-based smart signs of optimal paths: a. evacuation b. rescue

7. Prof. Gautam Dasgupta Columbia University Data acquisition combines: 1.Available structural stress analysis and response history 2. Building codes 3. Legal requirements 4. On-line sensor readings Quantitative and qualitative Data in LiveDesign

8. Prof. Gautam Dasgupta Columbia University Threat scenarios constructed by statistical combination: 1.Principal component analysis assesses the most fatal state 2. Interval arithmetic depicts confidence bounds 3. fuzzy logic constructs spatio-temporal threat patterns LiveDesign

9. Prof. Gautam Dasgupta Columbia University Functions of LiveDesign IT engines 1. carry out dynamic searches on the LiveDesign database 1-a. signal fatal events from extreme value statistics 1-b. check tight bounds on the confidence interval to predict credible threats 2. sort out anomalies such as noise and spreads on the confidence bounds 2-a. continuously fine-tune a self-learning process 2-b. eliminate false alarms as statistical outliers 3. discover yet to be identified ominous impending events

10. Prof. Gautam Dasgupta Columbia University

11. Prof. Gautam Dasgupta Columbia University

12. Prof. Gautam Dasgupta Columbia University LiveDesign

13. Prof. Gautam Dasgupta Columbia University LiveDesign Bayesian Network 1.Security costs depend nonlinearly on the associated payoff 2. All indices can be assessed only in the probabilistic sense 3. Bayesian network is an elegant representation: (a) operates on joint probabilities (b) uses graphical communication language (c) is based on the semantics of causality 4. Modeling procedure is symbolic has been partially written in Mathematica 5. Current research contains Modelica: — graph theory constructs implement qualitative features

14. Prof. Gautam Dasgupta Columbia University Elements of the network 1. The network formulation starts with elementary subsystems 2. Modelica can create complex systems using the formal specifications of the links in the LiveDesign database 3. Benchmark examples have been verified using Mathematica:

15. Prof. Gautam Dasgupta Columbia University Large number of variables 1. Eigenvalues with Interval Arithmetic — principal component analysis 2. Yield the threat index from a composite scenario 3. An order of a thousand statistical security variables 4. The generic form:  integral equations yields the fixed point scheme with the kernel. This has already been conveniently programmed in Mathematica.

16. Prof. Gautam Dasgupta Columbia University Extreme Value Statistics Table 1: Three forms of distributions of extremes

17. Prof. Gautam Dasgupta Columbia University Chemistry experiments to bridge theory and reality based learning and provide the bases for bio-sensors: 1. There may be more than a single answer to a question or problem 2. Several outcomes may be possible with a varying degree of predictability 3. The fuzzy logic concepts resolve such issues

18. Prof. Gautam Dasgupta Columbia University LiveDesign deep domain modeling formalism 1. Architects create the LiveBluePrint 2. A collection of its various parts, and then assembled. 3. Modern buildings are more complicated: (a) there are additional subsystems (b) such as power, water, elevators (c) and above all a security infrastructure

19. Prof. Gautam Dasgupta Columbia University Intelligent Infrastructure by LiveDesign 1.Smart structures respond to their surroundings (a) Safety (b) Thermo-mechanical inputs 2. Intelligent infrastructures (a) Security (b) Safety concerns as subsets (c) Societal policy inputs 3. Information based technology (a) Integration of quantitative and qualitative data (b) Computer understandable. representation/communications

20. Prof. Gautam Dasgupta Columbia University The LiveDesign Team 1. Universities (a) Columbia University (b) MIT (c) Carnegie Mellon University (d) University of Maine 2. Industries (a) OKG Constructions, NYC (b) Contour Graphics Architects, NYC (c) Serby Attorneys, NYC 3. Foreign collaborators (a) Kagawa University, Japan (b) Laboratoire d’Optique, Besancon, France