1. Conventional and Isentropic Analyses of a Cold-Season Heavy Rainfall Episode Associated with Elevated Convection Dr. Scott M. Rochette Department of the Earth Sciences SUNY Brockport

2. 24-h Rainfall ending at 1200 UTC 14 November 1993 (in.)

3. 0000 UTC 14 November 1993 Surface Chart (standard notation/symbology)

4. 0000 UTC 14 November 1993 850-hPa z/V

5. 0000 UTC 14 November 1993 850-hPa  e (note strong gradient over MO)

6. 0000 UTC 14 November 1993 850-hPa  e Advection (red  positive)

7. 0000 UTC 14 November 1993 250-hPa z/V

8. 0000 UTC 14 November 1993 Precipitable Water (MO: 230-270% of normal)

9. 0000 UTC 14 November 1993 KLZK  e Cross-Section (note deep CI layer above shallow stable layer near surface)

10. 0000 UTC 14 November 1993 304 K Moisture Transport Vectors (note MO downstream from MT maximum)

11. 0000 UTC 14 November 1993 304 K Wind Vectors/Isobars/Omega (solid  isentropic UVM)

12. 0000 UTC 14 November 1993 Ageostrophic/Omega Cross-Section (Point C  northwest MO; Point D  south-central MO)

13. Summary Cool-sector MCS –cool side of sfc boundary –cool side of 850-hPa  e Strong LLJ –coupled to ULJ? MCS in region of positive LL  e advection Stable boundary layer –elevated CI –MCS not rooted to boundary layer High moisture content –PW 230-270% of normal Diagnosis of UVM –Cross-sections –  surfaces Isentropic MT vectors very illustrative –MCS forms downstream of max MT vectors