1. General Features and Major Evolutionary Trends of Apes and Humans (Hominoidea) Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 131

2. First, Some Important Terms

3. “Anthropoids” = all living and extinct monkeys, apes and humans

4. Anthropoids

6. “Hominoids” = all living and extinct apes and humans

7. Hominoids

9. “Hominids” = modern humans and their nearest predecessors

10. Hominids

13. Hominids (Hominidae) Hominids are modern humans and their nearest predecessors

14. Hominids Useful markers of the earliest hominids: reduced canine length... adaptations for bipedalism...

15. Hominids “... in the final analysis only the evidence of habitual bipedalism unmistakably marks a fossil species as hominid.” -- Campbell-Loy, p. 188

16. Hominids Hominidae (Hominids) Australopithecus... Paranthropus... (maybe) Homo... Genus Family

17. Hominids Over-all Comparisons Gibbon Orangutan Chimpanzee Gorilla Modern Human

18. gibbons orangutans bonobos chimps gorillas humans Campbell and Loy, Humankind Emerging, 8 th ed, p. 138f

21. General Features and Major Evolutionary Trends of Apes and Humans (Hominoidea) Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 131

23. General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans 1. As a group the apes have been the subject of much mythology and many misconceptions

25. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 168

26. General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans 2. “Dental apes” probably originated in the early Oligocene

27. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 183

28. General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans Dental apes are “apes” with monkey-like bodies who did not hang or swing

29. General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans Dental apes are Oligocene Anthropoids

30. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 191 Next: Oligocene AnthropoidsOligocene Anthropoids