1. Vathana Ngeth Biomedical Engineering University of Rhode Island Heart Valves for Congenital Heart Disease Patients

2. What is congenital heart disease? Problems of the heart present at birth Most common birth defect 8 out of every 1000 newborns affected No types of prevention http://www.healthcentral.com/common/images/1/18133_11 388_5.jpg

3. What is aortic valve stenosis? Issues : Stiffening Thickening Valve fusion Symptoms: Causes chest pain Poor circulation Easily fatigued https://carmenwiki.osu.edu/download/attachments/1543 9430/aortic%20stenosis-1.jpg Allows for the blood to flow out of the heart

4. Biological Valves Animal tissues or donors Used the least Short life duration http://www.reidhealthcare.ie/images/cardiac- surgery/bhv1_web.png http://www.clemson.edu/media- relations/archive/newsroom/multimedia/im ages/2008_images/september/pigvalve.jpg No need for blood thinners Lower risk of thrombi

5. Caged Ball Valve http://www.pages.drexel.edu/~nag38/Images/ball_clip_image001.jpg http://www.sciencephoto.com/image/278433/5 30wm/M5610088-Artificial_heart_valve-SPL.jpg http://bloximages.chicago2.vip.townnews.com/tdn.com/con tent/tncms/assets/editorial/b/15/edf/b15edf66-da7f-11df- b4d8-001cc4c03286-revisions/4cbbe6ff3a85e.image.jpg

6. Tilting Disc Valve http://www.heart-valve-surgery.com/Images/tilting-disc-heart-valve.jpg

7. Bi-leaflet Valve http://www.pages.drexel.edu/~nag38/Images/bil_clip_image001.jpg http://www.lbl.gov/ritchie/Programs/BIO/bileaflet.jpg

8. What is the procedure? Replacement surgery – Incisions in the chest through skin and muscle Open heart Endoscopy – Assistance of lung- heart machine – Average duration 3-6 hours Too severe for repair (minimally invasive surgery) http://www.umm.edu/graphics/images/en/22868.jpg

9. Complications Extreme stress on the body Restarting the heart Fluid buildup around the cardiac cavity Proper valve function Very high risk of infection Blood clots

10. Patient’s future Biological Heart Valve – Another major surgery Mechanical Heat Valve – Blood thinner medication – Regular heart check-ups Limited to no physically rigorous activity

11. Future of heart valves and procedures Development of better materials – Stronger for less degradation More fluid dynamic valves Better techniques to reduce pain and recovery time

12. Works Cited "Aortic Valve." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. 12 Sept. 2011. Web. 14 Oct. 2011.. "Artificial Heart Valve." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. 15 Oct. 2011. Web. 17 Oct. 2011.. "Heart Valve Surgery." Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. University of Southern Carolina. Web. 13 Oct. 2011.. "New Heart Valve Replacement Technologies Offer Hope for High-risk Patients." Science Daily: News & Articles in Science, Health, Environment & Technology. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 9 Mar. 2010. Web. 13 Oct. 2011.. Pick, Adam. "Biological Heart Valve Replacement - Pig, Cow or Human?" Heart Valve Surgery Guide - Heart Surgery Book, Articles, Heart Surgeon Locator, Patient Journals. 2011. Web. 15 Oct. 2011.. "What Are Congenital Heart Defects? - NHLBI, NIH." National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. 1 July 2011. Web. 13 Oct. 2011.. Zieve, David. "Congenital Heart Disease - PubMed Health." PubMedHealth.com. A.D.A.M. Inc., 21 Dec. 2009. Web. 13 Oct. 2011..

13. Questions?