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The Neuron Dendrites Cell body (perikaryon, soma)
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Axon
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Support cells (neuroglia) - more abundant than neurons - more mitotic capability
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Axon hillock
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Gaps between Schwann cells called nodes of Ranvier axolemma
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Myelinated axons: sheath of Schwann and myelin sheath one Schwann cell myelinates a single axon multiple Schwann cells needed to cover entire length of an axon
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Oligodendrocytes myelinate CNS axons (if myelinated)
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Central Nervous System 1. brain 2. spinal cord - ganglia associated
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3. axons project to and from the body (CNS PNS) 4. cell bodies in CNS except some in ganglia
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Transmission 1. innervation - cell body as integrator 2. action potentials (impulses) - axon hillock 3. myelin sheath
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Synapses - presynaptic terminal - postsynaptic terminal - neurotransmitters - ligand-gated ions channels on postsynaptic membrane
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Gap junction (nexus) - is an electrical synapse
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Nervous System Organization of neurons 1. circuits for stimulus-response 2. exchange of information
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Neuron signaling 1. afferent vs. efferent 2. interneurons 3. circuits
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Anencephaly
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Spina bifida occulta with meningocoele
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Spina bifida with failure of neuropore closure
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Cortical dysplasia
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