1. BIOINFORMATICS CSMN 601 Zhongchun Wang

2. AGENDA What is Bioinformatics History Genome ABC Technology Industry Overview Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications (ELSI) Future and Challenges Conclusions

3. What is Bioinformatics Structural Biology Biochemistry Genomics Mathematics Statistics Computer Science Bioinformatics: Application of Computer Technology To Biological Sciences Molecular Biology

4. History 1951. Sequencing of molecules began: Insulin B-chain 1965. Sequencing of tRNA from yeast 1977. DNA sequencing 1980s. GenBank originated by DOE 1990. Human Genome Program (HGP) kicked off 1993. First revision of HGP 1998. Second revision of HGP 6/26/2000. Draft of Human DNA sequence by Celera 4/27/2001. Mouse complete gene map by Celera

5. Genome ABC

6. Technology High Throughput DNA Sequencers  Perkin-Elmer 3700  MegaBace Search/Analysis Tools & Softwares  BLAST Visualization Technologies—XML Database  GenBank (USA)  EMBL (Europe)  DDBJ (Japan) Computer Architecture & Integration  Common Object Request Broker Architecture (COBRA)

7. Industry Overview Market for bioinformatics:  Develop tools and softwares to viewing, browsing, and analyzing data  Sell access to their databases  Consulting services Companies:  Local: Celera/Human Genome Science/Informax  Incyte Pharmaceuticals (CA)/Double Twist (CA)  Lion Bioscience (Germany)  Glaxo Wellcome (N.C.)

8. Ethical, Legal & Social Implications (ELSI)  Who should have access to personal genetic information?  How does personal genetic information affect an individual and society’s perceptions of that individual?  Should parents have the right to have their minor children tested for adult-onset diseases?  What is considered acceptable diversity?  Should society interpret behavior as a consequence of free will or as influenced by genetic constitution?

9. Future and Challenges Future Applications:  Earlier detection of genetic diseases and drug design  New energy source and environmental protection  DNA identification of suspects and family relationships  Disease and insect-resistant plants and animals Challenges:  Continued increase in database  Integration of diverse resources  Deriving meaning knowledge from data & information

10. Conclusions n Biology/Bioinformatics will be the foremost science of the 21 st century n DNA sequencing is just a beginning   Gene number, location & functions   Gene regulation   Gene and genetic diseases   Drug development n The greatest challenge: Information  Knowledge  Benefit Mankind Information  Knowledge  Benefit Mankind