1. Rocks The Geologic Dictionary

2. Rocks are made of Minerals (Minerals in Granite)

3. Soil, sediment, Weathered rock, Regolith

4. Rock Identification is based on: Composition What minerals make up the rock? Texture What is the shape, size and orientation of the mineral grains that make up the rock? Major Difference: Crystalline vs. Clastic

5. James Hutton “The Father of Geology” Uniformitarianism

6. Charles Lyell

7. Rock Cycle Magma Igneous Rocks Sedimentary Rocks Metamorphic Rocks Sediment Crystallization Melting Metamorphism Lithification Weathering Erosion Transport Deposition

8. Proportions of Rock Types on the Earth igneous & metamorphic rocks = crystalline rocks

9. Igneous Rocks Identification

10. Igneous Composition Mafic Felsic

11. Igneous Textures - Crystalline Coarse GrainedFine Grained

12. Igneous Textures - Crystalline Porphyritic Phenocrysts Groundmass

13. Igneous Textures - Crystalline Glassy Vesicular

14. Igneous Textures Fragmental (Pyroclastic)

15. Igneous Rocks GraniteDioriteGabbro RhyoliteAndesite Basalt Course Fine FelsicMaficIntermediate

17. Igneous Rocks Pumice Obsidian Tuff Scoria Glassy Fragmental FelsicMafic Vesicular XX

18. Ultramafic Rock Coarse Grained: Peridotite (Dunite) Fine Grained: Komatiite

19. Igneous Rocks Interpretation

20. Sir James Hall Scottish Geologist

21. Igneous Rock “Translations” Composition (Mafic v. Felsic) Texture Grain Size, etc. Magma source How quickly and where magma cooled

22. “Translation” of Composition: Magma Source (simplified) Mafic Felsic (Partial) melting of the mantle (Partial) melting of continental crust (Partial) melting of oceanic crust

23. “Translation” of Texture: Plutons and Volcanoes Fine Grained Coarse Grained