1. © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke
Chapter 5
Database Processing
© 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke

2. This Could Happen to You
Dee selected Moveable Type application program
Needs database program to store blog
Consultant suggested MySQL
Network standardized on Oracle
May not be able to run Moveable Type
Will require revision of labor estimates
IT resists installing MySQL

3. Study Questions What is the purpose of a database?
What does a database contain?
What is a DBMS, and what does it do?
What is a database application?
What is the difference between an enterprise and a personal DBMS?
How does the knowledge in this chapter help Dee?

4. What Is the Purpose of a Database?
Spreadsheet and database keep track of things
Spreadsheets
Keep lists of single concept
Databases
Keep lists that involve multiple themes

5. What Is a Database? Self-describing collection of integrated records
Hierarchy of data elements
Bytes are grouped into columns/fields
Columns grouped into rows/records
Rows are grouped into tables/files
Collection of tables plus relationships among rows
Also includes metadata
Describes structure of database

6. Relationships Among Records
Values in one table may relate rows to those in other tables
Keys
Column(s) that identify unique row in table
Each table has a key
Foreign keys
Keys in a different table than the one in which they reside
Relational database
Databases using tables, keys, and foreign keys

7. Example of Relationships Among Rows
Figure 5-6

8. Metadata Databases are self-describing Metadata
Contain description of its content
Metadata
Data that describes data
Makes databases more useful
Makes databases easier to use

9. What Is a DBMS and What Does It Do?
Database management system (DBMS)
Program that creates, process, and administers database
Usually licensed from vendors
Microsoft, Oracle, MySQL, DB2
DBMS and database are two different things

10. Ethics Guide: Nobody Said I Shouldn’t
Kelly was employed maintaining servers and backing up database
Made copy of database to practice with
Accessed SQL Server metadata
Discovered tables with order data, customers, salespeople
Uncovered anomalies: one entry clerk gives a discount to a buyer that no one else was given
Mentioned it to clerk
Was terminated for accessing database

11. DBMS DBMS used to create tables, relationships in databases
DBMS processes database
Applications use DBMS to read, insert, modify, and delete data
Structured Query Language (SQL)
International standard for processing database

12. DBMS, continued
DBMS provides tools to assist in administration of database
Can be used to set up security
Used to back up data
Add structure to improve performance
Remove data

13. What Is a Database Application?
Collection of forms, reports, queries, and application programs that process a database
Databases can have more then one application
Applications can have multiple users

14. MIS in Use: Dealing with Database Growth
Textronix uses Oracle database to store and process financial data
800 concurrent users
Rapidly growing database caused performance to decline
One solution is to remove data
Data still needed
Data retention laws compound problems
Sarbanes-Oxley
SEC Rule 17-A
HIPAA

15. MIS in Use, continued Data Archiving Problem for IS technicians
Must create data archiving policy
Policy must address legal requirements
Plan must be created for implementing policy
Data about open transactions must not be archived
Implement plan before performance problems arise
Secure and back up data archive

16. Forms, Reports, and Queries
Used to read, insert, modify, and delete data
Reports
Show data in structured context
May compute values
Queries
Means of getting answers from database data

17. Database Application Programs
Forms, reports, and queries work for standard functions
Application programs
Process logic specific to business need
Enables database processing over Internet
Serves as intermediary between Web server and database
Responds to events
Reads. inserts, modifies, deletes data

18. Multi-User Processing
Common
Unique problems
Lost-update problem
Locking used to coordinate activities of multiple users
Creates new set of problems
Data conflicts produce inaccurate results

19. What Is the Difference Between an Enterprise and a Personal DBMS?
Enterprise DBMS
Process large organizational and workgroup databases
Support many users
Examples: DB2, SQL Server, Oracle
Personal DBMS
Designed for smaller, simpler database applications
Supports fewer than 100 users
Examples: Access, dBase, FoxPro, Paradox, R:Base

20. Opposing Forces Guide: No, Thanks, I’ll Use a Spreadsheet
Databases take time to build
Complicated to operate
May require use of multiple applications
Need IS people to create it and keep it running
Will share data that you may not want to expose
Spreadsheets may be a better option in some cases

21. How Does the Knowledge in This Chapter Help Dee?
She would know what a DBMS is and what roles it can play
She would understand the diagram of the role of the DBMS for her blog
System is isolated from rest of databases
Uses MySQL as part of functionality of her application
Was better able to present her plan to IT

22. Active Review What is the purpose of a database?
What does a database contain?
What is a DBMS, and what does it do?
What is a database application?
What is the difference between an enterprise and a personal DBMS?
How does the knowledge in this chapter help Dee?