1. The Gulf Stream Gulf Stream is a western boundary current Important contributor to poleward heat transport & the climate of Europe Also important as a trade route & for animal migrations Early maps determined by dead reckoning

2. Gulf Stream & Eel Life Cycles

3. Benjamin Franklin’s Map

4. Dead Reckoning

5. Sverdrup’s Map

6. Richardson's Atlas

8. Surface Drifters

9. Surface Drifter Climatology

10. Western Boundary Currents WBC’s are found in all subtropical gyres – Gulf Stream, Brazil Current, Kurishio Creates asymmetric gyres WBC’s have need to “rub up” to continent Again, a boundary layer

11. Surface Currents from Altimetry

12. Data Assimilation Animation

13. Dynamic Height

14. What cause’s WBC’s?? Need to understand vorticity...