1. Agenda Field and Laboratory Research Field and Laboratory Research Foundations of Empirical Inquiry Foundations of Empirical Inquiry Survey Work Survey Work

2. Distinguishing Field and Laboratory Research Field studies occur in the natural environment Field studies occur in the natural environment Laboratory studies control for many interfering elements in the environment Laboratory studies control for many interfering elements in the environment Distinction is fluid Distinction is fluid

3. Advantages and Limitations of Field and Laboratory Research Power of manipulation + - Realism + - Control usually - + Measurement maybe + Randomization- + Observer Bias - + Field Laboratory

4. Agenda Field and Laboratory Research Field and Laboratory Research Foundations of Empirical Inquiry Foundations of Empirical Inquiry Survey Work Survey Work

5. Foundation of Empirical Inquiry, Part 1: The Attitude A Willingness to Be Guided by Data, Not Prejudice

6. Knowledge Based on Empirical Facts Empirical Research Describes Reality to Help Form Accurate Pictures Empirical Research is a Tool to Discover Lawlike Behaviors Foundation of Empirical Inquiry, Part 2: Purposes

7. Agenda Field and Laboratory Research Field and Laboratory Research Foundations of Empirical Inquiry Foundations of Empirical Inquiry Survey Work Survey Work

8. Survey Response Rates Adequate Good Very Good Interviews 70% 80% 90% Mailed surveys 50% 60% 70%

9. Forms of Questions When are questions preferred to statements? When are questions preferred to statements? Question types Question types Forms not recommended Forms not recommended

10. Causes of Response Problems Among Respondents n Awareness of Subjects n Ability to Recall Information

11. Ways to Ensure Valid Answers Check questions Check questions Polarity rotation Polarity rotation Measures of test taking behavior Measures of test taking behavior Social Desirability Scales Social Desirability Scales MMPI Lie Scale MMPI Lie Scale Jackson’s Infrequency Index Jackson’s Infrequency Index