1. The Halo CMEs’ Speeds and Energy of Their Related Active Regions Yang Liu¹, and CDAW Source Identification Team² ¹Stanford University ² Including: E. Cliver, N. Gopalswamy, J. Kasper, N. Nitta, I. Richardson, B. Thompson, D. Webb, C. Wu, S. Yashiro, J. Zhang, A. Zhukov, etc.

2. Motivations CMEs and active regions (large-scale and local fields): CMEs and active regions (large-scale and local fields): Observation has shown some CMEs are associated with solar flares in active regions; Observation has shown some CMEs are associated with solar flares in active regions; Studies further demonstrate correlation between the soft X-ray flux of flares and the speeds of the CMEs (Moon et al. 2002; Zhang et al. 2004); and also show relationship of the inferred magnetic reconnection rate and the acceleration of the CMEs (Qiu et al. 2004); Studies further demonstrate correlation between the soft X-ray flux of flares and the speeds of the CMEs (Moon et al. 2002; Zhang et al. 2004); and also show relationship of the inferred magnetic reconnection rate and the acceleration of the CMEs (Qiu et al. 2004); It is generally believed that the energy released during the events is primarily the free energy stored in the magnetic field in the corona. It is generally believed that the energy released during the events is primarily the free energy stored in the magnetic field in the corona. Thus, it is reasonable to search for relationship between the magnetic energy of active regions and the related CMEs’ energy. Thus, it is reasonable to search for relationship between the magnetic energy of active regions and the related CMEs’ energy.

3. Purpose of this work We are seeking for indexes from magnetograms that can describe the energy of solar active regions, and also seeking for possible correlation between the indexes and the related CMEs’ speeds; We are seeking for indexes from magnetograms that can describe the energy of solar active regions, and also seeking for possible correlation between the indexes and the related CMEs’ speeds; We are seeking for advancing our understanding on underlying link between the local field of active regions and global phenomenon of CMEs. We are seeking for advancing our understanding on underlying link between the local field of active regions and global phenomenon of CMEs.

4. Energy indexes of active regions Potential field energy of active regions. Potential field energy of active regions. Free energy of active regions Free energy of active regions (assuming single flux tube). Index of free energy (single flux tube). Index of free energy (single flux tube). Where L is self-inductance and I is electric current that can be computed assuming the field is force free. But we need to estimate force-free alpha. Two parameters to be calculated: tilt angle, and force free alpha (alpha).alpha From Fisher et al (2000)

5. Samples We choose events from CDAW (Coordinate Data Analysis Workshop held in 2005) event list based on two criteria: We choose events from CDAW (Coordinate Data Analysis Workshop held in 2005) event list based on two criteria: Halo-CMEs; Halo-CMEs; Solar source is associated with active regions. Solar source is associated with active regions.

6. List of the events IDDstCMEFlare Active region PeaktimeTimeVelAceMagposAREtiltalphafluxnetFlen Yy/mm/dd UT Km/sm/s/se32deg/pixel1e21-1e21e21 e7 m 03 97/05/15 1300 97/05/12 0530 0464-15.0c1.3n23w0880380.37422.4-0.042.102.11-0.145.38 05 97/11/07 0500 97/11/04 0448 785-22.1X2.181005.46826.30.0311.9114.73-2.946.18 09 98/05/04 0600 98/05/02 1406 938-28.0X1.1s15w1582104.434-154.0.08?10.1213.25-3.122.19 17 98/11/09 1800 98/11/05 2044 1119-24.0M8.4n22w1883754.77426.50.0314.5412.881.495.17 27 00/07/16 0100 00/07/14 1054 1674-96.0X5.7n22w0790775.234-71.4-008?15.0420.33-5.482.62 29 00/08/12 1000 00/08/09 1630 7022.8C2.3n11w1191143.90010.6-0.0211.768.763.016.17 32 00/10/14 1500 00/10/09 2350 798-9.8C6.7n01w1491821.321169-002?8.942.596.443.21 37 01/03/31 0900 01/03/29 1026 9423.5X1.7n20w19939317.93-15.8-0.0840.2724.8515.21.94 42 01/09/26 0200 01/09/24 1030 240254.1X2.6s16e2396324.953-25.00.0514.1511.962.492.51 44 01/10/03 1500 01/09/29 1154 509-12.0M1.8n13e0396363.431-21.40.0415.7113.262.597.07 46 01/10/28 1200 01/10/25 1526 1092-1.4X1.3s18w1996725.318-1550.04?18.6513.325.603.78 47 01/11/06 0700 01/11/04 1635 181063.4X1.0n06w1896845.087-18.1-0.0313.6313.960.6295.65 48 01/11/24 1700 01/11/22 2330 1437-12.0M9.9s14w3697043.487-1600.0424.9111.2213.705.71 50 02/04/18 0800 02/04/15 0350 7202.1M1.2s15w0199067.402-11.612.5918.20-5.836.28 51 02/04/20 0900 02/04/17 0826 1240-19.8M2.6s14w3499066.097-8.9013.2117.21-4.175.06 52 02/05/11 2000 02/05/08 1350 61478.9C4.2s12w0799343.929-22.75.379.96-4.444.52 54 02/08/02 0600 02/07/29 1207 562-4.3M4.7s17w14003911.43-8.5627.9633.37-5.301.54 68 03/10/30 2300 03/10/28 1130 2459-105.X17s16e08048618.7124.635.1733.791.421.60 69 03/10/30 2300 03/10/29 2054 2029-146.x10s15w02048621.2535.135.9638.20-2.232.17 70 03/11/20 2000 03/11/18 0850 1660-3.3M3.9n00e1805013.43228.28.6815.65-6.981.37 76 04/07/27 1400 04/07/25 1454 13337.0M1.1n04w30065213.814.824.7823.800.7836.38

7. Potential field energy versus CMEs’ speeds No correlation is found. No correlation is found.

8. Properties of active regions versus CMEs’ speeds No correlation was found between sizes of active regions and CMEs’ speeds; No correlation was found between sizes of active regions and CMEs’ speeds; No correlation was found between net flux of active regions and CMEs’ speeds. No correlation was found between net flux of active regions and CMEs’ speeds.

9. Free energy in active regions versus CMEs’ speeds Weak correlation was found between E_free/length and CMEs’ speed. Weak correlation was found between E_free/length and CMEs’ speed.

10. Energy index of active regions versus CMEs’ speeds Weak correlation was found between the parameter ε×E_potential and CMEs’ speed. Weak correlation was found between the parameter ε×E_potential and CMEs’ speed.

11. Summary Potential field energy of active regions versus CMEs’ speed: NO CORRELATION. Potential field energy of active regions versus CMEs’ speed: NO CORRELATION. Free energy of active regions versus CMEs’ speed: WEAK CORRELATION. Free energy of active regions versus CMEs’ speed: WEAK CORRELATION. Index of free energy of active regions versus CMEs’ speed: WEAK CORRELATION. Index of free energy of active regions versus CMEs’ speed: WEAK CORRELATION.

12. Conclusions We have examined here two measures of free energy of solar active regions; we found weak correlations between such measures and related halo CMEs’ speed; We have examined here two measures of free energy of solar active regions; we found weak correlations between such measures and related halo CMEs’ speed; These correlations imply that, although magnetic field of active regions is localized and a CME is a global phenomenon, active regions make a significant contribution in energizing the active region-associated CMEs. It suggests again, from energy perspective of active regions and CMEs, that local and global fields are coupled each other. These correlations imply that, although magnetic field of active regions is localized and a CME is a global phenomenon, active regions make a significant contribution in energizing the active region-associated CMEs. It suggests again, from energy perspective of active regions and CMEs, that local and global fields are coupled each other.

13. Free energy of active regions versus CMEs’ kinetic energy No correlation was found between total free energy of active regions and CMEs’ kinetic energy; No correlation was found between total free energy of active regions and CMEs’ kinetic energy; No correlation was found between proxy of total energy (ε×E_potential) of active regions and CMEs’ kinetic energy. No correlation was found between proxy of total energy (ε×E_potential) of active regions and CMEs’ kinetic energy.