1. Singapore English Sociolinguistics: Varieties of English class 6

2. English in Singapore 1819 Sir Stamford Raffles claimed Singapore for the East India Company –Important trading point –Little settlement 1965 independent Republic

3. Current linguistic situation English is medium of instruction at school First language of half of the population Nearly everyone is multilingual, speaking two or more languages Other languages: Chinese (Cantonese, Hokkien), Malay „Singlish“ = Singapore English

4. Grammar –A: Mummy ah, you know this, this, this tape recorder right, I think they all being kena ketuk (Malay = cheat) already. Fifty-three dollars you know. Or fifty- six dollars, I also, I, I, I heard. Actually ah, you can easily get it for twenty over dollars lah. B:You let people ketuk or what? A: (laughter) No, not me! The school! They got all these tape recorder one.

5. Pragmatic particles ah (tentative) –The first one downstairs ah. lah (assertive ) –Her price is too high for me lah. what (contradictory)