1. Anatomy 301 Review Week 1 Noel Hastings hastings@u.washington.edu

2. Course Objectives & Grades No matter what I say here, know your course objectives that were given to you! These handouts are the key!!! Try to do well on quizzes and take home assignments. These are easy points!!

3. Terminology & Vocabulary Study of Anatomy Inspection Inspection Palpation Palpation Auscultation Auscultation Percussion Percussion Dissection Dissection Radiography (1895) X ray – bones X ray – bones MRI – soft tissue MRI – soft tissue Anatomical Position Medial – Lateral Proximal – Distal Superficial – Deep Superior – Inferior Cranial/Rostral – Caudal Ventral – Dorsal Anterior – Posterior

4. Anatomical Planes & Sections

5. Body Cavities & Membranes Dorsal Cavity Cranial cavity (brain) Ventral canal (cord) Meninges (DAP) Inferior Ventral Cavity Abdominal cavity (guts!) Parietal peritoneum Visceral peritoneum Superior Ventral Cavity Thoracic cavity Lungs Parietal pleura Visceral pleura Heart Parietal pericardium Visceral pericardium (epicardium)

6. Model of Serous Membrane

7. Tissue Sections Important to understand how tissues look when sliced and placed on a slide. Important to understand how tissues look when sliced and placed on a slide. Think about cutting vegetable at home! Think about cutting vegetable at home!

8. Microscopic Anatomy (Histology) Cells + Matrix = Tissue Know Some Locations for Each Tissue Type 1) 1)Epithelial (Squamous, Cuboidal & Columnar) 2) 2)Connective (Fibrous, Supportive & Fluid) 3) 3)Muscle (Smooth, Skeletal & Cardiac) 4) 4)Nervous (Neurons & Glial Cells)

9. Epithelial Tissue Squamous - Cuboidal - Columnar Simple, Stratified & PseudostratifiedSimple, Stratified & Pseudostratified Transitional in bladder only →Transitional in bladder only → See pages 81 & 82, 84 & 85See pages 81 & 82, 84 & 85

10. Epithelial Tissues (pages 81-85) Simple Squamous (membranes) Simple Columnar (absorption) Stratified Squamous (mouth) Stratified Keratinized (skin)

11. Connective Tissue Fibrous – Supportive – Fluid Fibrous: tendons, ligaments, membranes, matrixFibrous: tendons, ligaments, membranes, matrix Supportive: cartilage & boneSupportive: cartilage & bone Fluid: bloodFluid: blood Cellular Components: Fibroblasts, Mac’s, Leuk’s, etc… Non-Cellular Components: Collagen, Elastin, GAG’s

12. Fibrous Connective Tissues (pages 89-90) Loose Mesentery (fascia, visceral layers) Loose Areolar (under epithelium) Dense Regular (tendons) Dense Irregular (dermis)

13. Cartilage Tissues (page 91) Hyaline (fetus) Elastic (ear, nose) Fibrous (discs) Cellular Components - chondroblasts (perichondrium) - chondroblasts (perichondrium)Non-Cellular - collagenous fibers & GAG’s - collagenous fibers & GAG’s

14. Bone Tissues (page 92) Cellular Components - osteoblasts (build bone) - osteoblasts (build bone) - osteoclasts (remove bone) - osteoclasts (remove bone) Non-Cellular Components - collagen - collagen - calcified matrix - calcified matrixStructures - lacunae - lacunae - Haversian canals - Haversian canals - lamellae - lamellae - canaliculi - canaliculi - periosteum - periosteum

15. Nervous Tissues (page 94) Cellular Components - neurons - neurons - glial cells (support) - glial cells (support)Structures - dendrites - dendrites - axons - axons - nerve body (soma) - nerve body (soma) - brain & cord - brain & cord

16. Muscle Tissues (page 95) Cardiac (heart) Smooth (autonomic) Skeletal (attached to bones) - striated, voluntary - striated, voluntary Cardiac (heart only) - intercalated discs, conductive - intercalated discs, conductive Smooth (gut, vessels, uterus) - non-striated, autonomic - non-striated, autonomic Skeletal (voluntary)

17. Glandular Tissues (page 96-97) Exocrine - outside body (sweat, milk) - outside body (sweat, milk)Endocrine - into bloodstream (hormones) - into bloodstream (hormones)Structure - cuboidal epithelia usually - cuboidal epithelia usually - secretory vesicles - secretory vesicles - ducts - ducts

18. Membranes (page 97 & 98) Types cutaneous (skin) cutaneous (skin) serous (pleura, peritoneum, etc…) serous (pleura, peritoneum, etc…) mucous (mouth, vagina) mucous (mouth, vagina)Structure epithelial tissue only! epithelial tissue only! serous = 2 layers + fluid serous = 2 layers + fluid respiratory has cilia respiratory has cilia

19. Tissue Changes (page 99-100) Hyperplasia: growth through cell number increase Hyperplasia: growth through cell number increase Hypertrophy: growth through cell size increase Hypertrophy: growth through cell size increase Atrophy: cell size decrease (from lack of use usually) Atrophy: cell size decrease (from lack of use usually) Necrosis: abnormal cell death, messy Necrosis: abnormal cell death, messy Apoptosis: controlled cell death (development) Apoptosis: controlled cell death (development) Fibrosis: scar formation Fibrosis: scar formation Metaplasia: change from one type into another Metaplasia: change from one type into another Neoplasia: tumor development, uncontrolled growth Neoplasia: tumor development, uncontrolled growth and can be benign or malignant ! and can be benign or malignant !