1. Standard Model

2. Subatomic World  Protons, neutrons, and electrons make up atoms.  Photons are particles that convey electromagnetic energy. Force carrierForce carrier  These make up most of the material universe.

3. Artificial Particles  Unstable particles can be produced. Unique mass energyUnique mass energy Characteristic lifetimeCharacteristic lifetime  The lifetime  is related to the probability that a particle will survive a given period of time.  The survival time is affected by relativity.

4. Leptons  Leptons are fundamental particles. Interact weakly – no nuclear interactionInteract weakly – no nuclear interaction Able to exist in isolationAble to exist in isolation  Electrons are stable. Muons and taus are unstable.Muons and taus are unstable.  Neutrinos are stable and very low mass. Partner with charged leptonsPartner with charged leptons  Charged leptons: electron, e  : 0.511 MeV/c 2 = 1/1836 m p muon,   : 0.1057 GeV/c 2 = 1/9 m p tau,   : 1.776 GeV/c 2 = 1.9 m p

5. Baryons  Baryons have atomic mass comparable to protons and neutrons. Conserved quantity  First artificial ones were given a property of strangeness. Quantum number  Later ones were given new properties. Charm, beauty, truth np      

6. Mesons  Some artificial particles were lower mass than baryons. No atomic mass conservation  Mesons are also had same quantum properties as baryons. Strangeness conserved

7. Quarks  Quarks are fundamental building blocks, but are not detected directly. Binding force too greatBinding force too great Stable quarks bind to othersStable quarks bind to others  Quarks exist in hadrons. Baryons are three quarksBaryons are three quarks Mesons are a quark-anti quark pair.Mesons are a quark-anti quark pair.  Some baryons proton, p: uud neutron, n: udd lambda,  0 : uds lambda-b,  b 0 : udb  Some mesons pi-minus,   : ud k-plus, K + : us J/psi,  : cc

8. Standard Model next  The fundamental particles can be placed into a compact table. Standard Model Separate matter from force carriers  The leptons and quarks fall into three related generations. Normal mater in first generation