1. Ancient Athenian Tragedy Origins, Context, Practice

2. Tragedy: Ritualized Secularism Dual Focus (Barlow) Mythic, archetypal Contemporary, topical Ambivalent affirmation 13-Sep-112 Csapo Theater at Epidaurus

3. Agenda Opening discussion Your Comments The Fasti Background, Evidence, Illustration Tragic Origins Cult, komos, Phallic Procession Athenian Tragedy Occasion and Context Athenian Theater, Tragic Drama Where, What, How 13-Sep-11 Csapo 3

4. Opening discussion Your Comments

5. Issues… Confused! Athenian drama through a modern lens Plays as critique? Artistic liberties? Citizen role? Political/social aspects? Emergence of urban culture Religious aspects? Why gods (esp. Dionysus)? Cultic elements (Proto)satyrs? Plays that illustrate? Competitive aspects Choosing of khorēgoi How people heard the actors 3-actor rule? Theater Lighting? Rebuilding? Paucity of remains? Festival: changes? 13-Sep-115 Csapo

6. The Fasti Background, Evidence, Illustration

7. BBC Map of Ancient Greece

9. Chronology: Athenian Drama 561-527 BCE Peisistratus’ tyranny City/Greater Dionysia Tragic competition, 535/4 or 508 or 501 (?) 535-531? Thespis and tragedy Actor-“answerer” (hupokrites) ca. 520-510 Satyr plays introduced 486 First known comic competition 508/7 Democracy 453 Athenian empire 449 actor’s prize, Greater Dionysia 13-Sep-119 Csapo Tragic mask

10. Chronology: Athenian Tragedians 525-455 BCE Aeschylus 1 st victory 484 2 nd actor added ca. 496-ca. 406 Sophocles 1 st victory 468 3 rd actor added 484?-406 BCE Euripides 1 st victory 441 Solo arias (“monodies”) 13-Sep-1110 Csapo Tragic mask

11. Choregic commemorative inscription honoring khorēgoi Auteas and Philoxenides, 313–312 BC

12. Fasti (inscribed drama record, Athens) 1. Name of that year’s presiding archon (“archon eponymous”). 2. Name of victorious tribe, boys’ dithyramb. 3. Name of victorious tribe, men’s dithyramb. 4. Name of victorious khoregos and didaskalos (“director”) in comedy. 5. Victorious khoregos and didaskalos, tragedy. 449/447 (?) BCE, victorious actor in tragedy. komos (plural komoi)

13. Tragic Origins Cult, komos, Phallic Procession

14. Dionysus with Satyrs, Athenian cup (“Brygos painter”) circa 510 BCE

15. Proto-Dramatic Performance Kōmos, Satyrs Phallic procession 13-Sep-1115 Csapo Komasts: archaic Corinthian vase Procession of the Phallus Pole Satyrs, Maenads, Dionysus. Athenian, early 500s BCE

16. Proto-Drama (?): komos-like Performance of the Return of Hephaestus Protocorinthian vase painting, 600-575 BCE Hephaestus Dionysus padded, phallic costume Return of Hephaistos

17. Red-Figure Athenian Vase, 500s BCE Dionysian Masks

18. Tragic chorus: masked, dancing, singing (ancient vase)

19. Athenian Tragedy Occasion and Context

20. Athenian Dramatic Festivals Rural Dionysia (Dec.) Lenaea (late Jan/Feb, from 440/430-) citizens Anthisteria (Feb) City/Greater Dionysia (late March) anyone (theoric fund) 13-Sep-1120 Csapo Dionysus

21. Greater Dionysia: Program Dramatic preliminaries Prefest chorus assignments Proagōn “Introduction” Pompē Ceremonies “Showtime” Dithyramb — 10 Men’s choruses of 50 Boys’ choruses of 50 Comedies — 5 Tragedy — 3 tetralogies 13-Sep-1121 Csapo

22. Tragic Tetralogy Four plays, one playwright 1. Tragedy 2. Tragedy 3. Tragedy 4. Satyr drama Aeschylus’ Oresteia (458 BCE) 1. Agamemnon 2. Libation Bearers 3. Eumenides 4. Proteus 13-Sep-1122 Csapo Citizen judging

23. Athenian Theater, Tragic Drama Where, What, How

25. Roman Theater of Herodes Atticus Theater of Dionysus Parthenon N Temple of Dionysus Eleutherius Odeon Athenian Acropolis

26. entry (parodos) skene (stage building) stone seats (dignitaries) theatron (“viewing place,” auditorium, theater) kerkis (“wedge” seating section) orkhēstra (“dancing space” for chorus) Low wooden stage with, steps, skene (from ca. 420 BCE) entry (parodos) wooden bleachers altar Theater of Dionysus ca. 420 BCE

27. Theater of Dionysus, Athens (from East) 13-Sep-11 Csapo 27

28. Production: Personnel & Gear Personnel poet poiētēs, “maker” producer khorēgos director didaskalos, “teacher” actors hupokritai chorus, “chorus leader” khoros, koruphaios piper aulētēs Gear, etc. Masks Costumes Music Props Scenery Special effects mekhanē ekkuklēma 13-Sep-1128 Csapo