1. The Ancient World: Mesopotamia & Egypt Sumerian tablet recording tax obligations

2. Announcements Friday, 3 Sept. 2010 Questions: Website? Textbooks? Other? Class Attendance list Please place a check next to your name Next Class (Wed) Primary Source reading by Hammurabi Review for Map Quiz 1

3. Characteristics of a “Civilization” Written records > oral memory Specialization of labor > Subsistence Strong government > individual clans Social hierarchy Urbanization > nomadic Settled agriculture > pasturing, hunt-and- gather Organized religion

4. P.E.R.S.I.A. + G.T. One method of organizing/analyzing historical information. P = politics E = economics R = religion S = society I/A = intellectual/artistic (cultural) G = geography T = technology

6. Mesopotamia Geography arable, unstable Religion polytheistic, patriarchial, pessimistic Politics theocracy  oligarchy  monarchy Intellectual/Artistic Cuneiform, astronomy, math, medicine, ziggurats

7. Georg Gerster/Photo Researchers, Inc. This photograph gives a good idea of the size and complexity of Ur, one of the most powerful cities in Mesopotamia (present Iraq). In the lower right-hand corner stands the massive ziggurat of Umammu. Overview of Ur

8. City of Ur (Mesopotamia)

9. Paying taxes at the ziggurat

10. Cuneiform

12. Egypt Geography “gift of the Nile” Politics pharaohs Society hierarchy Religion Polytheistic, final judgment Intellectual/artistic Pyramids, obelisks, papyrus, medicine

13. Egypt: “Gift of the Nile”

14. The unique geography of the Nile Valley left a stamp on ancient Egypt. Fertile soil made Egypt wealthy, and the surrounding desert led to periods of isolation from nearby Africa and Asian cultures. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin. All rights reserved. ‘View Show' to view and zoom map

15. The fruits of the Nile River King Tut hunts birds w/ his wife Model of Beer- and Bread-making (Royal Ontario Museum) Reaping grain & scattering seed Fishing along the Nile

16. Jean Vertut This palette comes from Hierakonpolis, the sacred city of the prehistoric kingdom of Upper Egypt. It records the victory (over Delta) of King Narmer, who is shown on one side wearing the crown of Upper Egypt and on the other that of Lower Egypt. This monument commemorates the union of the two halves of Egypt. Two sides of Narmer Palette

17. The pharaoh conquers an enemy, while Horus holds a slave from the Nile Delta

19. Egyptian religion Great variety Importance of afterlife

20. Papyrus

22. Review: Hammurabi’s Code as a primary source What did we learn about analyzing a primary source? 5 Ws Who is audience? Is there bias? Is it complete? What can we extract from the document about the society that produced it? What did we learn about Hammurabi’s society?