1. Monsoons A seasonally varying wind Created by a continental scale sea breeze Famously, the NE & SW Monsoons over the Indian subcontinent Other monsoons exist (American monsoon) Seasonal monsoon winds change circulation in the Indian Ocean (Somali Curent)

2. Sea Breezes

4. Monsoon Processes

5. Summer Winter SW Monsoon NE Monsoon

6. Monsoon Winds SW Monsoon NE Monsoon

7. Monsoon Winds SW Monsoon NE Monsoon

8. Position of the Low Level Jet

9. Features of Indian Monsoon Coastline borders largest land mass on planet & near the tropics Himalayas focus winds & create orographic rains Glacial storage of freshwater occurs Persistent low level winds (Somali or Findlater Jet)

10. SW Monsoon

11. NE Monsoon

12. Indian Ocean Circulation Far more complicated than Atlantic or Pacific Monsoon winds drive seasonal changes in observed currents in Arabian Sea Reversing currents include Somali, NEC & NECC Somali current reaches > 3.5 m/s Intense open ocean upwelling

13. The American Monsoon Occurrence of July Thunderstorms over NW Mexico & Arizona Driven by monsoon between Pacific Ocean & the American Desert Huge issue for flash floods

14. The American Monsoon Monthly precipitation over SW U.S. & Mexico

15. The American Monsoon July Convective Activity Index

16. The American Monsoon

17. Occurrence of July Thunderstorms over NW Mexico & Arizona Driven by monsoon between Pacific Ocean & the American Desert Huge issue for flash floods