1. 1 Historical and Contemporary View of Jain Literature Yashwant K. Malaiya JAINA Convention Santa Clara July 3, 2005

2. 2 Historical and Contemporary View of Jain Literature Coordinator: Amit Jain, McKinsey, San Francisco Moderator: Prof. Yashwant Malaiya, Colorado State University Dr. Jagdish Jain: Jain Mission, Delhi Vinod Daryapurkar: Jainworld.com Samanijis Sanmati Pragya & Jayant Pragya: Disciples of Acharya Mahapragya

3. 3 Jain Literature: Classification By source –Agam: Lord Mahavira & Kevaklis, through oral tradition Agam-tulya: texts by early authors –Other: by other Acharyas & scholars Anuyoga classification 1.Pratham: Historical & Puranic accounts 2.Charana: Conduct of monks and lait 3.Karana: metaphysics and cosmology 4.Dravya: principles and nature of things

4. 4 Sarasvati: Jain Goddess

5. 5 Languages Earlier literature in Prakrits –Ardha-Magadhi, Shaurseni, Maharashtri Sanskrit: starting with Tatvartha-sutra –Still used by Jain scholars Early Tamil and Kannada literature Apabhramsh Hindi, Gujarati etc English: since early 20 th century

6. 6 Issues Major Jain contributions to literature in various language Potential ways of making Jains and non-Jains aware of these contributions Approaches for promoting creation of literature for the current and future generations. Here we may broaden the definition of the term literature to include not just text but other media (music and visual media) as well.

7. 7 Jain Contributions Jains love literature. They are the most literate community in India. Jain literature is not limited to religious. Many secular Jain contributions as well, grammars, mathematics, histories etc. Earliest Kannada literature is entirely Jain. A large part of classical Tamil literature was Jain. According to some scholars the earliest Hindi/Gujarati book was a Jain text: Bharat Bahubali Ras. In Apabhramsha language, almost all the available literature is Jain. The first auto-biography in India is Ardha-Kathanaka of Banarasidas. Oldest libraries in India are Jain Bhandaras of Patan and Jaisalmer

8. 8 Suggested Focus Topics Yashwant K. Malaiya: Mention about Jain literature across various languages. Dr. Jagdish Jain: Highlight contributions of the Digambara tradition and mention current initiatives and needs. Vinod Daryapurkar: Focus on technology, web, and new forms of lierature. Samanijis Sanmati Pragya & Jayant Pragya: Highlight contributions of the Swetambara tradition and mention current activities and needs. Format: 75 lecture session, 75 minute workshop

9. 9 Jain Literature: Views

10. 10 Questions for possible discussion Laukika and Paralukika Dharmas: (Worldly vs Spiritual literature): Do we need more laukika literature to balance the two? Do we need Stavans and Pujas in English? Should we have more non-text (audio/video) literature, since it is easier to absorb? Do we need more Narrative literature, since it is easier? How can we create literature (both text and media) that will take the message of Jainism to not just future Jains, but to non-Jains as well? How can we bring back the spirit of innovation that was displayed by early Tamil, Kannada, Gujarai, Hindi authors?