1. Or Everything you’ve ever wanted to know about sexual selection but were afraid to ask

2. Definitions of interactions: The whole is greater than the sum of its parts The relationship between the variables is multiplicative instead of additive The effectiveness of one intervention is contingent upon another intervention

3. Yes No 0 5 3 -20

4. Yes No 0 5 10 100 Valium Alcohol

5. Ya Ya Sisterhood Female Scorpion King Male 10 -10 10 Gender Movie

6. Survival of the fittest

7. Finding/Harvesting Resources Avoiding Predators Avoiding Illness REPRODUCING!!!

8. If other organs such as the stomach and spleen were evolutionarily advantageous, why not the brain?

9. Mate Selection Men – Looking to “spread their seed” Women – Looking for a mate who will care for children

10. Post Hoc Theorizing Game He who hesitates is lost Look before you leap Birds of a feather flock together Opposites attract

11. NatureNurtureVs.

12. Identical Twins 100% Fraternal Twins 50%

13. Adopted Child Adopted Family Genetic Family Shared environment Shared Genetics

15. Heritability Estimates – The proportion of the total variance in a trait that is attributable to genetic variation within a group.

16. Heritability Estimates Intelligence:.70 Neuroticism:.55 Depression:.44 Doing Crosswords:.55 Liking Sweets:.65 Playing Chess:.62 Assertiveness:.72 Smoking:.48 Ambition:.54 Humility:.42 Leadership:.59 Time Reading:.43

17. However, it is generally accepted that behavior is determined by a nature x nurture interaction e.g. A person with a genetic predisposition towards alcoholism won’t become an alcoholic if he never takes a sip of liquor

18. Heart Rate Blood Pressure Skin Conductance Electromyography Cortisol Levels Breathing Rates Tone of Voice

19. Polygraphs Liars feel: 1) Nervous that they’ll get caught 2) Guilty about lying

20. Polygraphs How it works: 1)Tell the truth, get a baseline measure 2)Tell a lie, get a measure of deception 3)Compute the difference between the two 4)Ask real questions, if subject looks more like a liar than a truth-teller, then the subject is lying

21. Polygraphs Problems: 1)Questions may be anxiety provoking 2)Knowing that if the machine says that you’re lying you’ll go to jail causes anxiety 3)Not all liars exhibit psychophysiological responses.

22. How to trick a polygraph: Time Arousal Difference

23. How to trick a polygraph: Time Arousal Difference

24. How polygraphs REALLY work Criminals get scared by the prospect of being detected, and they confess their crimes!

25. Other areas that psychophys can study Emotion Attitudes Unconscious Processes

26. The Sleep-Wake Cycle Free of all time cues, the human day averages about 25 hours Body temperature, and hormone levels follow this cycle Regulated by the hormone melatonin Since we have a ~24 hour cycle, the longer we stay awake, the less we sleep!

27. Giant Sloth: 20 hours Brown Bat: 19 hours House Cat: 14 hours Jaguar: 10 hours Human: 8 hours Elephant: 3 hours Horse: 2 hours Average Hours Sleeping per Day

28. The Randy Gardner Case Mood Disturbance common Complex Cognitive tasks unaffected Dull cognitive tasks are difficult Longitudinal partial sleep deprivation causes more difficulty than short term total sleep deprivation Microsleeps

29. Experimental rats die after several days. Yoked Rats not affected.

30. Increasing sleep efficiency after deprivation Da Vinci’s sleep strategy 15 minute nap every 4 hours Total of 1.5 hours of sleep per day Replicated by Stampi, (1992) in a lab. Takes 2 weeks to adjust, during which time...

31. 1)Evolution may have impacted our behavior, but be wary of post-hoc analysis 2)The nature vs. nurture debate should be viewed as an interaction 3)Psychophysiology can tell us a great deal, but polygraphs are useless. 4)Sleep is good.

32. Example for class: Spanking Children