4. Q. Why are cloud droplets larger over the ocean?

5. Most collide on forward edge Some collide on backside Terminal velocity: Almost 10 m/s for largest raindrops

6. Q. Why can a cumuliform cloud produce heavier precipitation than a stratiform cloud?

7. Supercooled water droplets

8. Ice forms directly on ice nuclei Promote freezing of supercooled droplets (contact nuclei)

9. Higher saturation vapour pressure Ice crystals grow at the expense of water droplets

10. Riming causes snow pellets (graupel) -supercooled droplets freeze on contact Snowflakes form through aggregation

13. Source: Desert Research Institute, Nevada, USA Source: North Dakota Cloud Modification Project, USA

45. Remember the paper cup experiment

53. CHAPTER 10

57. Sonic transducers SOUND WAVES DETERMINE WIND SPEED, DIRECTION & TEMPERATURE

60. http://www.wrds.uwyo.edu/wrds/rmfres/fendrift.html

80. Also SW Ontario

84. VANCOUVERLETHBRIDGE 8°C8°C 12°C X X Cooling At MALR 6°C/km Warming At DALR 10 °C/km Cooling At DALR 10 °C/km Cooling At MALR 6°C/km Warming At DALR 10 °C/km More sensible heat

86. Santa Ana Winds

90. Buried Portion Exposed section Entrained Particle