2. IS 302 Information Systems for Business

3. OVERVIEW OF THE COURSE 1.IS: The Big Picture 2.How IS Can Be Used to Gain Competitive Advantage 3.Database Management –How to Design and Create Databases 4.Telecommunications and the Internet –How to Design and Create Webpages 5.E-Commerce, Intranets, and Extranets 6.Organizational Information Systems –How to Design and Spreadsheet Models 7.Enterprise-Wide IS 8.IS Development and Acquisition 9.IS Ethics, Crime, and Security

4. INFORMATION SYSTEMS The Big Picture

5. a.Understand the term “information systems” b.Understand IS components c.Understand IS career opportunities d.Understand types of information systems e.Understand IS and organizational success or failure f.Understand the future of IS management “The Big Picture” Learning Goals “IS” ES FAIS Collab TPSMIS EISDSSECSERPOASCRM

6. 1a. Understand the term “information systems” Information systems are combinations of hardware, software, and telecommunication networks which people build and use to collect, create, and distribute useful data typically in organizational settings

7. 1b. Understand IS components Data People Information Systems Hardware Telecomm Software Recorded, unformatted information, such as words and numbers, that often has no meaning in and of itself. Builders and users of an information system. Physical Computer Equipment A program or set of programs that tell the computer to perform certain processing functions. The transmission of all forms of data from one location to another over some type of network

8. Input Device Output Device Processing Device / System Unit Hardware that is used to enter information into a computer. Hardware that delivers information in a usable format. Hardware that transforms inputs into outputs. 1b. Understand IS components Hardware(1 of 3)Overview

9. System Unit Motherboard Central Processing Unit (CPU) CD-ROM Drive Hard DriveRandom Access Memory (RAM) Hardware(2 of 3) System Unit Components 1b. Understand IS components

10. Hardware(3 of 3) System Unit - Assembled 1b. Understand IS components

11. Booting Reading programs into memory and managing memory allocation Managing where programs and files are located in secondary storage Maintaining the structure of directories and subdirectories Formatting disks Controlling the computer monitor Sending documents to the printer Definition Software that coordinates the interaction between hardware devices, peripherals, applications software, and users. Responsibilities of Operating Systems Examples of Operating Systems Windows Unix Linux Software(1 of 7) Operating Systems 1b. Understand IS components

12. Customized or proprietary: Developed specifically by or for a particular organization. Commercial: Purchased off-the-shelf and used by a variety of people and/or organizations to meet their specific needs. Definition Software used to perform a specific task that the user needs to accomplish. Types of Applications Software Examples of Applications Software Business Information Systems: Applications developed to perform organization-wide operations. –Payroll –Inventory Management –Order Processing –Billing –Shipping Office Automation / Personal Productivity: Applications used by individuals / groups within the organization to make them more efficient / effective. –Word processors –Spreadsheets –Database Management Systems –Presentation software –Email Clients –Web Browsers Software(2 of 7) Applications Software 1b. Understand IS components

13. Definition Computer language used by the software vendor to write application programs. Generations of Programming Languages 1stMachineBinary code that instructs the computer which circuits to turn on and which to turn off 101110101001100011002202020202 GenNameDescriptionExample Software(3 of 7) Programming Languages 1b. Understand IS components 2ndSymbolicReplaced binary codes with symbolsAssembly

14. GenNameDescriptionExamples 3rdProceduralUses English- like words to instruct the computer COBOL C++ Software(4 of 7) Programming Languages 1b. Understand IS components

15. GenNameDescriptionExample 4thOutcome- Oriented Focus on desired output instead of the procedures required to get that output SQL Software(5 of 7) Programming Languages 1b. Understand IS components 5thNaturalAllow the used to communicate with the computer using true English sentences

16. Objected Oriented Languages – Allows programmers to group data and program instructions together into modules or objects that can more easily be maintained by the programmer. Visual Programming Languages – Allows programmers to do their programming using a Graphical User Interface (GUI). Web Development Languages –HTML: Text-based file format that uses a series of codes, or tags, to set up a a web page document. –Java: A compiled, object-oriented language used in developing applications, primarily for the Web. –Scripting Languages: Client Side: –Javascript: Allows users to add dynamic content to Web pages. Server Side: –ASP: Microsoft’s Server-Side Scripting Language –PHP: Open-Source Community Scripting Language Current Language Types Software(6 of 7) Programming Languages 1b. Understand IS components

17. Diagramming Tools: Enable system process, data, and control structures to be represented graphically. Screen & Report Generators: Help model how systems look and feel to users. Also make it easier for the systems analyst to identify data requirements and relationships. Analysis Tools: Automatically check for incomplete, inconsistent, or incorrect specification in diagrams, screens, and reports. Repository: Enables the integrated storage of specifications, diagrams, reports, and project management information. Documentation Generators: Help produce both technical and user documentation in standard formats. Code Generators: Enable the automatic generation of program and database definitions directly from the design documents, diagrams, screens, and reports. Definition Automated software tools used by systems developers to design and implement information systems. Types of CASE Tools Software( 7 of 7 ) Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) Tools 1b. Understand IS components

18. Network: Consists of servers, clients, and peers Server: Any computer that makes access to files, printing, communications, and other services available to users of a network. Client: Any computer or software application that used the services provided by the server. Peer: Any computer that may both request and provide services. Telecomm(1 of 6) Servers, Clients, and Peers 1b. Understand IS components

19. Definition –Capabilities that networked computers share through the multiple combinations of hardware and software. Types –File Services: Used to store, retrieve, and move data files in an efficient manner. –Print Services: Used to control and manage users’ access to network printers and fax equipment. –Message Services: Include the storing, accessing, and delivering of text, graphic, audio, and video data. –Application Services: Run software for network clients and enable computers to share processing power; processing is distributed between the client and server. Telecomm(2 of 6) Network Services 1b. Understand IS components

20. Definition –The physical pathway to send data and information between two or more entities on a network. Important Characteristics –Bandwidth: Transmission capacity of a computer or communications channel, measured in megabits per second. –Attenuation: Results when the power of an electric signal weakens as it is sent over increasing distance. Telecomm(3 of 6) Transmission Media 1b. Understand IS components

21. Types –Cable Media: Physically link computers and other devices in a network. Twisted Pair Cable: Made of two or more pairs of insulated copper wires twisted together. Coaxial Cable: Contains a solid inner copper conductor, surrounded by plastic insulation and an outer braided copper or foil shield Fiber-Optic Cable: Made of a light-conducting glass or plastic core, surrounded by more glass, called cladding, and a tough outer sheath. –Wireless Media: Transmit and receive electromagnetic signals. Infrared Line of Sight: Uses high=frequency light waves to transmit data on an unobstructed path between nodes on a network. High-Frequency Radio: Radio waves that can be transmitted at rates of up to 11 Mbps to network nodes from 12.2 to 40 kilometers apart. Microwave: High-frequency radio signal that is sent through the air using either terrestrial or satellite systems. –Terrestrial Microwave: Uses antennas that require an unobstructed path or line- of-sight between nodes. –Satellite Microwave: Uses a relay station that transfers signal between antennas located on earth and satellites orbiting the earth. Telecomm(4 of 6) Transmission Media 1b. Understand IS components

22. Media Access Control: Rules that govern how a given node or workstation gains access to the network to send or receive information. –Distributed: Only a single workstation at a time has authorization to transmit its data –Random: Any workstation can transmit its data by checking whether the medium is available. Network Topologies: Refers to the shape of a network. –Star: All nodes are connected to a central hub through which all messages pass. –Ring: Each node is connected the next node. –Bus: Nodes are connected in an open-ended line. Telecomm(5 of 6) Network Standards 1b. Understand IS components

23. Protocols: Agreed-upon formats for transmitting data between connected computers. –The OSI Model: Divides computer-to-computer communications into seven connected layers that represent a group of specific tasks. –Ethernet: A local area network protocol developed by Xerox in 1976. Requires installation of an Ethernet card. –TCP/IP: The protocol of the Internet; it allows different interconnected networks to communicate using the same language. Connectivity Hardware: Connectors, network interface cards, modems, repeaters, hubs, bridges, multiplexers, routers, brouters, and gateways. Telecomm(6 of 6) Network Standards 1b. Understand IS components

24. People(1 of 1) Builders & Users 1b. Understand IS components

25. Data(1 of 4)Text 1b. Understand IS components Bill Gates and Henry Ford Debate the Modern Technology! For no reason whatsoever, your car would crash twice a day. Every time they repainted the lines in the road, you would have to buy a new car. Occasionally your car would die on the freeway for no reason. You would have to pull over to the side of the road, close all of the windows, shut off the car, restart it, and reopen the windows before you could continue. For some reason you would simply accept this. Occasionally, executing a maneuver such as a left turn would cause your car to shut down and refuse to restart, in which case you would have to reinstall the engine. Macintosh would make a car that was powered by the sun, was reliable, five times as fast, and twice as easy to drive - but would run on only five percent of the roads. The oil, water temperature, and alternator warning lights would all be replaced by a single "This Car Has Performed An Illegal Operation" warning light. The airbag system would ask "Are you sure?" before deploying. Occasionally your car would lock you out and refuse to let you in until you simultaneously lifted the door handle, turned the key, and grabbed hold of the radio antenna. Every time a new car was introduced, car buyers would have to learn how to drive all over again because none of the controls would operate in the same manner as the old car. You'd have to press the "Start" button to turn the engine off. “ The story goes that Bill Gates reportedly compared the computer industry with the auto industry and stated, "If the auto industry had kept up with technology like the computer industry has, we would all be driving $25.00 cars that got 1,000 miles to the gallon". In response to Bill's comments, Henry Ford replied “If Ford had developed technology like Microsoft, we would all be driving cars with the following characteristics:

26. Data(2 of 4)Graphics 1b. Understand IS components

27. Data(3 of 4)Audio 1b. Understand IS components Clip 1 Clip 2 Clip 3