1. The contribution of electro-technologies to energy efficiency Paul Baudry, Marie-Ann Evans UIE (International Union for Electricity applications) Conference on Energy Efficiency in IPPC installations – Vienna 21-22 October 2004

2. 2 Outline Electricity and energy consumption The influence of energy accounting system Efficient electro-technologies in industry Conclusion

3. 3 Global Trends in Energy use : 1970-2000 The sector of manufacturing (industry) shows the highest energy intensity decrease Source : 30 years of energy use in IEA countries

4. 4 Global Trends in Energy use Final energy consumption by energy sources Source : 30 years of energy use in IEA countries

5. 5 Energy efficiency and electricity electricity use follows the GDP OCDE 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 1971 197519791983 1987 1991199519992003200720112015201920232027 OCDE 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 400 450 1971 19791983 1987 1991199519992003200720112015201920232027 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 400 450 1971 19791983 1987 1991199519992003200720112015201920232027 OCDE GDP US$95 Electricity Mobility Thermal stationary

6. 6 Energy accounting system primary to final energy ELECTRICITY HEATFF (coal, oil, gas) NUCLEAR RENEWABLES combustion USE turbine Coefficient of electricity generation EU Average : 40 % or 1/2,5 Mechanical Electromagnetic Natural geothermic

7. 7 Energy accounting system primary to end-use energy ELECTRICITY Final Energy Primary Energy Useful Energy 40 % 70 % 100 % 40 % 20 % 16 % 14 %

8. 8 Energy Efficiency through Electro-technologies in various industrial sectors

9. 9 Energy Efficiency through Electro-technologies Technology Consumption – original plant (GWh) Consumption – replacement plant (GWh) Compared utilisation efficiency Membranes3853510-12 MVR + Heat Pumps 3.2204606-8 Induction6.7502.7002-3 µW + HF + UV5852602-2,5 IR7254151,5-2 Motors2.4651.7001,3-1,6 Resistance11.6409.7001,1-1,3 TOTAL 25.77015.2701,1-12

10. 10 Energy Efficiency through Electro-technologies Steel industry

11. 11 Energy Efficiency through electro-technologies Various energy system solutions for the same end use Energy source Same end-use demand (MWh) Conversion used Electricity from grid + Heat from fossil fuel Electricity (light, motors) Heat (process) 100 1 kWh th = 0,086 tep 1 kWh e = 0,086 / 40% (electricity generation) / 90% (grid loss) CED = 23,9 + 8,6 = 32,5 tep CHP from gas (non seasonal) Electricity (light, motors) Heat (process) 100 1 kWh e = 0,086 / 66% (average generation efficiency by CHP) CED = 13 + 13 = 26 tep Electricity from grid > 90% Fossil mix Electricity (light, motors) Efficient electric process 100 <50 1 kWh e = 0,086 / 40% (electricity generation) / 90%(grid loss) CED = 23,9 + 11,9 = <35,8 tep Electricity from grid Renewable / NFF Electricity (light, motors) Efficient electric process 100 <50 1 kWh e = 0,086 / > 100% (pointless, NFF) / 90% (grid loss) CED = 9,5 + 4,8 = <14,3 tep Electricity from grid current mix Electricity (light, motors) Efficient electric technique 100 25 1 kWh e = 0,086 / 52% (electricity generation) / 90% (grid loss) CED = 18,4 + 4,6 = 23 tep

12. 12 Conclusion Electricity is a secondary but flexible energy. Industrial process need this flexibility to increase productivity and quality Electricity and electro-technologies can contribute significantly to energy efficiency Final to primary conversion factor and CO2 emissions depend strongly on power generation systems, thus on local energy mix The whole energetic system has to be assessed from raw energy product to end-use by an LCA approach